仿效

Chinese

		to imitate; to copy	effect; efficacy; imitate
trad. (仿效/仿傚/倣效/倣傚)		仿/倣	效/傚
simp. (仿效)		仿	效
alternative forms		彷效仿効
anagram		效仿

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): fǎngxiào

(Zhuyin): ㄈㄤˇ ㄒㄧㄠˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): fong² haau⁶
Min Nan (POJ): hóng-hāu

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: fǎngxiào
  - Zhuyin: ㄈㄤˇ ㄒㄧㄠˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: fǎngsiào
  - Wade–Giles: fang³-hsiao⁴
  - Yale: fǎng-syàu
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: faangshiaw
  - Palladius: фансяо (fansjao)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /fɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹¹ ɕjɑʊ̯⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: fong² haau⁶
  - Yale: fóng haauh
  - Cantonese Pinyin: fong² haau⁶
  - Guangdong Romanization: fong² hao⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /fɔːŋ³⁵ haːu̯²²/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hóng-hāu
  - Tâi-lô: hóng-hāu
  - Phofsit Daibuun: hofnghau
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /hɔŋ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ hau⁴¹/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /hɔŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ hau²²/

Middle Chinese: /pʰʉɐŋ^X ɦˠau^H/

Rime
Character	仿	效
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	滂 (2)	匣 (33)
Final (韻)	陽 (106)	肴 (90)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Closed	Open
Division (等)	III	II
Fanqie	妃兩切	胡敎切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/pʰʉɐŋ^X/	/ɦˠau^H/
Pan Wuyun	/pʰʷiɐŋ^X/	/ɦᵚau^H/
Shao Rongfen	/pʰiuɑŋ^X/	/ɣau^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/pʰuaŋ^X/	/ɦaɨw^H/
Li Rong	/pʰiuaŋ^X/	/ɣau^H/
Wang Li	/pʰĭwaŋ^X/	/ɣau^H/
Bernard Karlgren	/pʰiwaŋ^X/	/ɣau^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	fǎng	xiào
Expected Cantonese Reflex	fong²	haau⁶

Old Chinese
(Zhengzhang): /*pʰaŋʔ ɡreːws/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	效
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	xiào
Middle Chinese	‹ hæw^H ›
Old Chinese	/*m-[k]ˁraw-s/
English	imitate, follow
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	仿	效
Reading #	1/1	1/1
No.	3045	6329
Phonetic component	方	交
Rime group	陽	宵
Rime subdivision	0	2
Corresponding MC rime	髣	效
Old Chinese	/*pʰaŋʔ/	/*ɡreːws/

Verb

仿效

to imitate; to emulate
隨之仿效／随之仿效 ― suí zhī fǎngxiào ― to follow suit
to follow the example of; to take as one's model; to pattern after

Synonyms

(imitate):

仿照 (fǎngzhào)
效仿 (xiàofǎng)
模仿 (mófǎng)
擬／拟 (nǐ) (literary, or in compounds)

模擬／模拟 (mónǐ)
臨摹／临摹 (línmó) (a model of calligraphy, painting, etc.)
規矩／规矩 (guījǔ) (literary)

(follow the example of):

Synonyms of 仿效

仿照 (fǎngzhào)
仿行 (fǎngxíng)
取法 (qǔfǎ)
宗法 (zōngfǎ)
效仿 (xiàofǎng)
效尤 (xiàoyóu) (literary, to mimic wrongdoing)
效法 (xiàofǎ)
模仿 (mófǎng)
步武 (bùwǔ) (literary)

法象 (fǎxiàng) (archaic)
遵法 (zūnfǎ) (literary)
師匠／师匠 (shījiàng) (literary)
師法／师法 (shīfǎ) (literary)
憲法／宪法 (xiànfǎ) (Classical Chinese)
憲章／宪章 (xiànzhāng) (Classical Chinese)
範圍／范围 (fànwéi) (Classical Chinese)
視／视 (shì) (archaic)
觀象／观象 (guānxiàng) (literary)

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