肴

See also: 餚
肴 U+80B4, 肴
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-80B4
← 肳
[U+80B3] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 肵 →
[U+80B5]

Translingual

Han character

肴 (Kangxi radical 130, 肉+4, 8 strokes, cangjie input 大大月 (KKB), four-corner 40227, composition ⿱㐅有)

  1. cooked or prepared meat

References
  • KangXi: page 976, character 18
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 29322
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1427, character 31
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2049, character 17
  • Unihan data for U+80B4

Chinese

Glyph origin
Characters in the same phonetic series (爻) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
崤 *ɢaːw, *ɢraːw
郩 *qaːwʔ
敎 *kraːw, *kraːws
較 *kreːwɢs, *kreːwɢ
肴 *ɢraːw
淆 *ɢraːw
倄 *ɢraːw, *ɢʷɯːʔ
爻 *ɢraːw
餚 *ɢraːw
殽 *ɢraːw
笅 *ɢraːw
駁 *praːwɢ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *ɢraːw) : phonetic 爻 (OC *ɢraːw) + semantic ⺼ (“meat”) – meat dishes.

Current form resembles 乂 + 有 – the lower 乂 of 爻 has moved to the side and down.

Etymology 1
trad. 肴
simp. # 肴

Pronunciation

Note:
  • hâu - literary;
  • gâu/ngâu - vernacular (俗).
Rime
Character 肴
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 匣 (33)
Final (韻) 肴 (90)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) II
Fanqie 胡茅切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /ɦˠau/
Pan
Wuyun		 /ɦᵚau/
Shao
Rongfen		 /ɣau/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /ɦaɨw/
Li
Rong		 /ɣau/
Wang
Li		 /ɣau/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /ɣau/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 xiáo
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex		 haau4
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 肴
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 yáo
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ hæw ›
Old
Chinese		 /*[ɡ]ˁraw/
English food

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 肴
Reading # 1/1
No. 14645
Phonetic
component		 爻
Rime
group		 宵
Rime
subdivision		 1
Corresponding
MC rime		 肴
Old
Chinese		 /*ɢraːw/

Definitions

肴

  1. prepared meat
Compounds
  • 溷肴
  • 美酒佳肴
  • 肴蔌

Etymology 2
For pronunciation and definitions of 肴 – see 餚 (“meat dish”).
(This character, 肴, is the simplified form of 餚.)
Notes:

Japanese

Kanji
肴

(“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names)

Readings

Compounds
Compounds
  • 佳肴(かこう) (kakō), 嘉肴(かこう) (kakō)
  • 口取(くちと)り肴(ざかな) (kuchitorizakana)
  • 組(く)み肴(ざかな) (kumizakana)
  • 下戸(げこ)の肴荒(さかなあら)し (geko no sakanaarashi)
  • 下肴(げざかな) (gezakana): inferior fish, cheap fish
  • 肴核(こうかく) (kōkaku)
  • 小肴(こざかな) (kozakana): small fish
  • 肴荒(さかなあ)らし (sakanaarashi)
  • 肴奉行(さかなぶぎょう) (sakanabugyō)
  • 肴札(さかなふだ) (sakanafuda)
  • 肴舞(さかなまい) (sakanamai)
  • 酒肴(さけさかな) (sakesakana)
  • 残肴(ざんこう) (zankō)
  • 強(し)い肴(ざかな) (shiizakana)
  • 酒肴(しゅこう) (shukō)
  • 酢肴(すざかな) (suzakana)
  • 進(すす)め肴(ざかな) (susumezakana)
  • 粗肴(そこう) (sokō)
  • 珍肴(ちんこう) (chinkō)
  • 取(と)り肴(ざかな) (torizakana)
  • 直(なお)し肴(ざかな) (naoshizakana)
  • 生肴(なまざかな) (namazakana): raw fish
  • 熨斗肴(のしざかな) (noshizakana)
  • 箱肴(はこざかな) (hakozakana)
  • 鉢肴(はちざかな) (hachizakana)
  • 引(ひ)き肴(ざかな) (hikizakana)
  • 美肴(びこう) (bikō)

Etymology 1
肴 (sakana): a side dish served with alcoholic beverages.
Kanji in this term
肴
さかな
Jinmeiyō
kun’yomi

Compound of Old Japanese elements 酒 (saka, “sake, rice wine”, old combining form of modern sake reading) +‎ 菜 (na, “side dish”).[1][2][3] Likely source of Okinawan さかな (sakana).

Alternative forms

Pronunciation

Noun

肴(さかな) • (sakana) 

  1. fish
  2. a side dish served with alcoholic beverages: not necessarily fish, may be a vegetable or other meat
  3. entertainment at a drinking party
Usage notes

The fish sense is more commonly spelled 魚.

Idioms
Idioms

Etymology 2
肴 (na): fish as a side dish.
Kanji in this term
肴
な
Jinmeiyō
kun’yomi

From Old Japanese. Also spelled variously in kanji in modern Japanese as 肴 (for meat or fish), 菜 (for vegetables), 魚 (for fish).[1]

This reading appears to be obsolete in modern Japanese.

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): [na̠]

Noun

肴(な) • (na) 

  1. a side dish, be it meat or fish or greens
Derived terms
Derived terms

References
  1. 1988, 国語大辞典（新装版） (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan
  2. 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  3. 1995, 大辞泉 (Daijisen) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
  4. 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja

肴 • (hyo) (hangeul 효, revised hyo, McCune–Reischauer hyo, Yale hyo)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
This article is issued from Wiktionary. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.