参

参 (Kangxi radical 28, 厶+6, 8 strokes, cangjie input 戈大竹竹竹 (IKHHH), composition ⿱⿱厶大彡)

• 㡎 惨 掺 渗 骖 椮 毶 碜 䅟 糁 鯵 鲹 黪 毵 㟥 𦲞 𥮾 瘆 𫢺 𰇼 𫮅 𰬪 𮠳 𬌷 𰴂 𬭝 𱐠 𬱬

• KangXi: not present, would follow page 164, character 21
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 3090
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 386, character 15
• Unihan data for U+53C2

Simplified from 參, which is in turn simplified from 曑.

(grade 4 “Kyōiku” kanji, shinjitai kanji, kyūjitai form 參)

From Middle Chinese 參 (MC ʃˠiɪm, “Three Stars mansion; carrot, ginseng”) and 參 (MC t͡ʃʰˠiɪm, “jagged, uneven”):

• Go-on: しん (shin)^{←しん (sin, historical)←しむ (simu, ancient)}
• Kan-on: しん (shin)^{←しん (sin, historical)←しむ (simu, ancient)}
• Nanori: ほし (hoshi)

From Middle Chinese 參 (MC t͡sʰʌm, “add, influence, join”):

• Go-on: そん (son)^{←そん (son, historical)←そむ (somu, ancient)}
• Kan-on: さん (san, Jōyō)^{←さん (san, historical)←さむ (samu, ancient)}
• Kun: まいる (mairu, 参る, Jōyō)^{←まゐる (mawiru, 参る, historical)}; まじわる (majiwaru, 参わる)^{←まじはる (mazifaru, 参はる, historical)}
• Nanori: かず (kazu); ちか (chika); なか (naka); はかる (hakaru); みち (michi)

From Middle Chinese 參 (MC sɑm, “3, three”):

• Go-on: さん (san, Jōyō)^{←さん (san, historical)←さむ (samu, ancient)}
• Kan-on: さん (san, Jōyō)^{←さん (san, historical)←さむ (samu, ancient)}
• Kun: みつ (mitsu, 参つ); みっつ (mittsu, 参つ)
• Nanori: み (mi)

• 苦参(クララ) (kurara)
• 海参(いりこ) (iriko)

/ɕimʉ/ → /ɕiɴ/

The “Three Stars mansion” and “carrot, ginseng” senses are from Middle Chinese 參 (MC ʃˠiɪm).

The “jagged, uneven” affix is from Middle Chinese 參 (MC t͡ʃʰˠiɪm).

• (Tokyo) し​ん [shíꜜǹ] (Atamadaka – [1])[1]
• IPA^(key): [ɕĩɴ]

参(しん) • (shin) 

1. jagged, uneven
2. carrot, ginseng

参(しん) • (Shin) 

1. (Chinese astronomy) the Three Stars constellation, one of the Twenty-Eight Mansions

   Synonyms: 参宿 (Shinshuku), 唐鋤星 (Karasuki-boshi)

• 参(しん)宿(しゅく) (Shinshuku)

/ɕamʉ/ → /samʉ/ → /saɴ/

From Middle Chinese 參 (MC t͡sʰʌm).

• (Tokyo) さ​ん [sáꜜǹ] (Atamadaka – [1])[1]
• IPA^(key): [sã̠ɴ]

参(さん) • (san) 

1. a calling, coming
2. (Zen Buddhism) a gathering of Zen members in meditation, preaching, and invocation

• 参(さん)する (sansuru)
• 参(さん)ずる (sanzuru), 参(さん)じる (sanjiru)

参(さん) • (san) 

1. check, verify
2. add, increase, join (a group, etc.)
3. go (for a specific purpose, for example)
4. Short for 参議院 (Sangiin): the House of Councillors (upper house of the Diet)

参(さん) • (San) 

1. (Chinese astronomy, rare) the Three Stars constellation, one of the Twenty-Eight Mansions

   Synonyms: 参宿 (Sanshuku), 唐鋤星 (Karasuki-boshi)

2. a surname

/samʉ/ → /saɴ/

From Middle Chinese 參 (MC sɑm).

• (Tokyo) さん [sàń] (Heiban – [0])[1]
• IPA^(key): [sã̠ɴ]

参(さん) • (san) 

1. (law) Financial form of 三 (san): 3, three

This form of 3 is only used in legal documents.

参(さん) • (san) 

1. Alternative spelling of 三 (san): 3, three
2. Short for 三河国 (Mikawa-no-kuni): Mikawa Province

• 参(さん)州(しゅう) (Sanshū)