噁

See also: 恶, 𫫖, and 𫫇

噁	U+5641, 噁 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5641

← 噀
[U+5640]

CJK Unified Ideographs

噂 →
[U+5642]

Translingual

Traditional	噁
Shinjitai (extended)	𫫖
Simplified	恶∣𫫇

Han character

噁 (Kangxi radical 30, 口+12, 15 strokes, cangjie input 口一一心 (RMMP), four-corner 6103₁, composition ⿰口惡)

References

KangXi: page 208, character 5

Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 4285

Dae Jaweon: page 431, character 2

Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 681, character 5

Unihan data for U+5641

Chinese

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (亞) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
椏	qaːʔ, qraː
錏	*qraː
鵶	*qraː
啞	qraːʔ, qraːɡs, qraːɡ, qraːɡ
瘂	*qraːʔ
亞	*qraːɡs
婭	*qraːɡs
俹	*qraːɡs
稏	*qraːɡs
惡	qaː, qaːɡs, *qaːɡ
噁	*qaːɡs
堊	*qaːɡ
蝁	*qaːɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *qaːɡs) : semantic 口 + phonetic 惡 (OC *qaː, *qaːɡs, *qaːɡ).

Etymology 1

trad.		噁/惡^*
simp.		恶^*

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): ě (e³)

(Zhuyin): ㄜˇ
Cantonese
(Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): ok³

(Taishan, Wiktionary): ok²

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: ě
  - Zhuyin: ㄜˇ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: ě
  - Wade–Giles: o³
  - Yale: ě
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ee
  - Palladius: э (e)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ˀɤ²¹⁴/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: ok³
  - Yale: ok
  - Cantonese Pinyin: ok⁸
  - Guangdong Romanization: og³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɔːk̚³/

Note: The zero initial /∅-/ is commonly pronounced with a ng-initial /ŋ-/ in some varieties of Cantonese, including Hong Kong Cantonese.

- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
  - Wiktionary: ok²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɔk̚⁵⁵/

Definitions

噁

Only used in 噁心／恶心 (ěxin).

Etymology 2

trad.		噁
simp.		恶^*

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): wù (wu⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄨˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): wu³

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: wù
  - Zhuyin: ㄨˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: wù
  - Wade–Giles: wu⁴
  - Yale: wù
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: wuh
  - Palladius: у (u)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /u⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: wu³
  - Yale: wu
  - Cantonese Pinyin: wu³
  - Guangdong Romanization: wu³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /wuː³³/

Middle Chinese: /ʔuo^H/

Rime
Character	噁
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	影 (34)
Final (韻)	模 (23)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	烏路切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ʔuo^H/
Pan Wuyun	/ʔuo^H/
Shao Rongfen	/ʔo^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ʔɔ^H/
Li Rong	/ʔo^H/
Wang Li	/u^H/
Bernard Karlgren	/ʔuo^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	wù
Expected Cantonese Reflex	wu³

Old Chinese
(Zhengzhang): /*qaːɡs/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	噁
Reading #	1/1
No.	14218
Phonetic component	亞
Rime group	暮
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	汙
Old Chinese	/*qaːɡs/
Notes	見史記

Definitions

噁

Only used in 喑噁／喑恶 (wù'è).

Etymology 3

trad.		噁
simp.		恶^*

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): wò (wo⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄨㄛˋ

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: wò
  - Zhuyin: ㄨㄛˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: wò
  - Wade–Giles: wo⁴
  - Yale: wò
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: woh
  - Palladius: во (vo)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /wɔ⁵¹/

Definitions

噁

Only used in 噁噁／恶恶 (wòwò).

Etymology 4

trad.		噁
simp.		𫫇

From English ox(y)-.

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): è, ě (e⁴, e³)

(Zhuyin): ㄜˋ, ㄜˇ
Cantonese (Jyutping): ok³
Wu (Wiktionary): ⁴oq

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: è
  - Zhuyin: ㄜˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: è
  - Wade–Giles: o⁴
  - Yale: è
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: eh
  - Palladius: э (e)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ˀɤ⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese, Taiwan)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: ě
  - Zhuyin: ㄜˇ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: ě
  - Wade–Giles: o³
  - Yale: ě
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ee
  - Palladius: э (e)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ˀɤ²¹⁴/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: ok³
  - Yale: ok
  - Cantonese Pinyin: ok⁸
  - Guangdong Romanization: og³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɔːk̚³/

Note: The zero initial /∅-/ is commonly pronounced with a ng-initial /ŋ-/ in some varieties of Cantonese, including Hong Kong Cantonese.

Wu
- (Shanghainese)
  - Wiktionary: ⁴oq
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʊʔ⁵⁵/

Definitions

噁

(chemistry) Used in transcription: ox(y)-

Compounds

二噁烷／二𫫇烷 (èr'èwán)
二噁英／二𫫇英 (èr'èyīng)
噁丁環／𫫇丁环 (èdīnghuán)

噁唑／𫫇唑 (èzuò)
噁唑啉／𫫇唑啉 (èzuòlín)
噁唑烷／𫫇唑烷 (èzuòwán)

噁庚因／𫫇庚因 (ègēngyīn)
噁庚英／𫫇庚英 (ègēngyīng)

References

“噁”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

Japanese

Kanji

噁

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 𫫖)

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Readings

Go-on: う (u)
Kan-on: お (o)^{←を (wo, historical)}
Kan’yō-on: あく (aku)
Kun: おこる (okoru, 噁る)

Korean

Hanja

噁 • (o) (hangeul 오, revised o, McCune–Reischauer o)

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Vietnamese

Han character

噁: Hán Nôm readings: ạc, ỗ

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