壕

壕 U+58D5, 壕
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-58D5
← 壔
[U+58D4] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 壖 →
[U+58D6]

Translingual

Han character

壕 (Kangxi radical 32, 土+14, 17 strokes, cangjie input 土卜口人 (GYRO), four-corner 40132, composition ⿰土豪)

References
  • KangXi: page 241, character 12
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 5559
  • Dae Jaweon: page 481, character 2
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 497, character 5
  • Unihan data for U+58D5

Chinese
simp. and trad.
 壕

Glyph origin
Characters in the same phonetic series (高) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
高 *kaːw
膏 *kaːw, *kaːws
篙 *kaːw
稿 *kaːwʔ
稾 *kaːwʔ, *kʰaːws
槁 *kaːwʔ, *kʰaːwʔ
縞 *kaːwʔ, *kaːws
暠 *kaːwʔ
槀 *kaːwʔ
藁 *kaːwʔ
燺 *kʰaːwʔ
薧 *kʰaːwʔ, *kʰaːws, *qʰaːw
犒 *kʰaːws
蒿 *qʰaːw
藃 *qʰaːws, *qʰraːw, *qʰraw
豪 *ɡaːw
毫 *ɡaːw
壕 *ɡaːw
濠 *ɡaːw
鎬 *ɡaːwʔ
滈 *ɡaːwʔ, *qʰraːwɢ
鄗 *ɡaːwʔ, *kʰraːw, *qʰaːwɢ
鰝 *ɡaːwʔ, *qʰaːwɢ
薃 *ɡaːwʔ
搞 *kruːʔ
敲 *kʰraːw, *kʰraːws
髇 *qʰraːw
嗃 *qʰraːw, *qʰraːws, *qʰaːwɢ
巐 *kʰl'awʔ
歊 *qʰraw, *qʰoːwɢ
謞 *qʰaːwɢ, *qʰraːwɢ
熇 *qʰaːwɢ, *qʰoːwɢ, *qʰoːɡ
碻 *kʰraːwɢ
塙 *kʰraːwɢ
毃 *kʰraːwɢ
翯 *qʰraːwɢ, *ɡraːwɢ, *ɡoːwɢ
瀥 *qʰraːwɢ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *ɡaːw) : semantic 土 (“earth; dirt”) + phonetic 豪 (OC *ɡaːw).

Pronunciation

Note:
  • hô/hô͘ - literary;
  • ô - vernacular.
Rime
Character 壕
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 匣 (33)
Final (韻) 豪 (89)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) I
Fanqie 胡刀切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /ɦɑu/
Pan
Wuyun		 /ɦɑu/
Shao
Rongfen		 /ɣɑu/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /ɦaw/
Li
Rong		 /ɣɑu/
Wang
Li		 /ɣɑu/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /ɣɑu/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 háo
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex		 hou4
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 壕
Reading # 1/1
No. 3749
Phonetic
component		 高
Rime
group		 宵
Rime
subdivision		 1
Corresponding
MC rime		 豪
Old
Chinese		 /*ɡaːw/
Notes 同濠

Definitions

壕

  1. moat; channel
  2. (military) trench
  3. (Internet slang) Alternative form of 土豪 (tǔháo).

Compounds

Japanese

Kanji
壕

(“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names)

  1. moat, trench

Readings
  • Go-on: ごう (gō)
  • Kan-on: こう (kō)
  • Kun: ほり (hori, 壕)

Compounds
Compounds

Etymology 1
Kanji in this term
壕
ごう
Jinmeiyō
on’yomi

From Middle Chinese 壕 (háo).

Alternative forms

Pronunciation

Noun

壕(ごう) • (gō) ←がう (gau)?

  1. moat, trench
Usage notes

濠 implies one with water, 壕 implies one without water.

Etymology 2
Kanji in this term
壕
ほり
Jinmeiyō
kun’yomi

The 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of verb 掘る (horu, “to dig”).

Alternative forms

Pronunciation
  • (Tokyo) ほり​ [hòríꜜ] (Odaka – [2])[1]
  • IPA(key): [ho̞ɾʲi]

Noun

壕(ほり) • (hori) 

  1. ditch, canal
  2. moat
Derived terms
Derived terms
  • 内壕(うちぼり) (uchibori)
  • 空壕(からぼり) (karabori)
  • 城壕(しろぼり) (shirobori)
  • 捨(す)て壕(ぼり) (sutebori)
  • 外壕(そとぼり) (sotobori)

References
  1. 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja

壕 • (ho) (hangeul 호, revised ho, McCune–Reischauer ho)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

壕: Hán Nôm readings: hào

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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