孟

See also: 盂
孟 U+5B5F, 孟
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5B5F
← 孞
[U+5B5E]
CJK Unified Ideographs 孠 →
[U+5B60]

Translingual

Han character

孟 (Kangxi radical 39, 子+5, 8 strokes, cangjie input 弓木月廿 (NDBT), four-corner 17107, composition ⿱子皿)

Derived characters

References

  • KangXi: page 278, character 16
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 6960
  • Dae Jaweon: page 546, character 11
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1013, character 3
  • Unihan data for U+5B5F

Chinese

simp. and trad.
孟
alternative forms 𥁪

Glyph origin

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *mraːŋs) : semantic 子 (“child; son”) + phonetic 皿 (OC *maŋʔ)

Etymology

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *maŋ (“big; old; elder (brother, uncle)”); cognate with Anong ʈhi³¹ mɑŋ³¹ (“old; elderly”), Drung tvmvng (“elder sibling”), Burmese မင်း (mang:, “monarch; king”) (Schuessler, 2007; STEDT).

Likely related to 兄 (OC *hmraŋ, “older brother”) (Sagart, 1999; STEDT). Perhaps also related to 芒 (OC *maːŋ, *maŋ, “great; extensive”) and 荒 (OC *hmaːŋ, *hmaːŋs, “vast; excessive; senile”) (Sagart, 1999; Schuessler, 2007).

Pronunciation


Note:
  • men5 - vernacular;
  • mung5 - literary.

  • Dialectal data
Variety Location 孟
Mandarin Beijing /məŋ⁵¹/
Harbin /məŋ⁵³/
Tianjin /məŋ⁵³/
Jinan /məŋ²¹/
Qingdao /məŋ⁴²/
Zhengzhou /məŋ³¹²/
Xi'an /məŋ⁴⁴/
Xining /mə̃²¹³/
Yinchuan /məŋ¹³/
Lanzhou /mə̃n¹³/
Ürümqi /mɤŋ²¹³/
Wuhan /moŋ³⁵/
Chengdu /moŋ¹³/
Guiyang /moŋ²¹³/
Kunming /moŋ²¹²/
Nanjing /mən⁴⁴/
Hefei /məŋ⁵³/
Jin Taiyuan /məŋ⁴⁵/
Pingyao /məŋ³⁵/
Hohhot /mə̃ŋ⁵⁵/
Wu Shanghai /mã²³/
Suzhou /mã³¹/
Hangzhou /moŋ¹³/
Wenzhou /miɛ²²/
Hui Shexian /mʌ̃²²/
Tunxi /man¹¹/
Xiang Changsha /moŋ⁵⁵/
Xiangtan /mən⁵⁵/
Gan Nanchang /mɛn²¹/
/muŋ²¹/
Hakka Meixian /men⁵³/
Taoyuan /men⁵⁵/
Cantonese Guangzhou /maŋ²²/
Nanning /mɐŋ²²/
Hong Kong /maŋ²²/
Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /biŋ⁵³/
Fuzhou (Min Dong) /maiŋ²⁴²/
Jian'ou (Min Bei) /maiŋ³³/
Shantou (Min Nan) /meŋ³⁵/
Haikou (Min Nan) /moŋ³⁵/

Rime
Character 孟
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 明 (4)
Final (韻) 庚 (109)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) II
Fanqie 莫更切
Baxter maengH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/mˠæŋH/
Pan
Wuyun
/mᵚaŋH/
Shao
Rongfen
/maŋH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/maɨjŋH/
Li
Rong
/mɐŋH/
Wang
Li
/mɐŋH/
Bernard
Karlgren
/mɐŋH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
mèng
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
mang6
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 孟
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
mèng
Middle
Chinese
‹ mængH ›
Old
Chinese
/*mˁraŋ-s/
English eldest, great

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 孟
Reading # 1/1
No. 9152
Phonetic
component
皿
Rime
group
陽
Rime
subdivision
0
Corresponding
MC rime
孟
Old
Chinese
/*mraːŋs/

Definitions

孟

  1. eldest brother
  2. first month of a season
  3. (figuratively) first in series
  4. (figuratively) great, eminent
  5. to strive; to endeavor
  6. Mon people
  7. Short for 孟子 (Mèngzǐ, “Mencius; Mencius (book)”).
  8. Alternative form of 猛 (měng, “bold; powerful”).
  9. a surname
    孟浩然  ―  Mèng Hàorán  ―  Meng Haoran (Tang dynasty poet)

Compounds

References

Japanese

Kanji

孟

(“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names)

  1. Used in personal names.

Readings

Korean

Hanja

孟 (eumhun 맏 맹 (mat maeng))

  1. Hanja form? of 맹 (“first in a series”).
  2. Hanja form? of 맹 (“great, eminent”).

孟 (eumhun 맹랑할 망 (maengnanghal mang))

  1. Hanja form? of 망 (“shrewd, impudent, difficult”).

Vietnamese

Han character

孟: Hán Việt readings: mạnh[1][2][3]
孟: Nôm readings: mạnh[1][2][3], mảnh[1]

  1. Nôm form of mạnh (“strong; powerful; vigorous”).

References

  1. Nguyễn (2014).
  2. Nguyễn et al. (2009).
  3. Trần (2004).

Zhuang

Pronoun

孟

  1. Sawndip form of mwngz (“you”)
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