山河

Chinese
mountain; hill river
simp. and trad.
(山河)		 山 河
anagram 河山

Pronunciation

Rime
Character 山 河
Reading # 1/1 1/1
Initial (聲) 生 (21) 匣 (33)
Final (韻) 山 (73) 歌 (94)
Tone (調) Level (Ø) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open Open
Division (等) II I
Fanqie 所閒切 胡歌切
Baxter srean ha
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /ʃˠɛn/ /ɦɑ/
Pan
Wuyun		 /ʃᵚæn/ /ɦɑ/
Shao
Rongfen		 /ʃæn/ /ɣɑ/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /ʂəɨn/ /ɦa/
Li
Rong		 /ʃɛn/ /ɣɑ/
Wang
Li		 /ʃæn/ /ɣɑ/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /ʂăn/ /ɣɑ/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 shān hé
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex		 saan1 ho4
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 山 河
Reading # 1/1 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 shān hé
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ srɛn › ‹ ha ›
Old
Chinese		 /*s-ŋrar/ /*[C.ɡ]ˁaj/
English mountain, hill river

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 山 河
Reading # 1/1 1/1
No. 11052 7459
Phonetic
component		 山 可
Rime
group		 元 歌
Rime
subdivision		 2 1
Corresponding
MC rime		 山 何
Old
Chinese		 /*sreːn/ /*ɡaːl/

Noun

山河

  1. (literally) mountains and rivers
  2. (figuratively) land of a country; territory

Derived terms
Derived terms from 山河

Descendants
Sino-Xenic (山河):
  • → Japanese: 山(さん)河(が) (sanga)
  • → Korean: 산하(山河) (sanha)
  • → Vietnamese: sơn hà (山河)

See also

Japanese

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
山 河
さん
Grade: 1		 が
Grade: 5
on’yomi

Borrowed from Literary Chinese 山河.

Alternative forms

Pronunciation

Noun

山(さん)河(が) • (sanga) ←さんが (sanga)?

  1. (literary) mountains and rivers
Synonyms

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
山 河
さん
Grade: 1		 か
Grade: 5
on’yomi

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): [sã̠ŋka̠]

Noun

山(さん)河(か) • (sanka) ←さんか (sanka)?

  1. Alternative form of 山河 (sanga)

Etymology 3
Kanji in this term
山 河
やま
Grade: 1		 かわ
Grade: 5
kun’yomi
For pronunciation and definitions of 山河 – see やまかわ.
(This term, 山河, is an alternative spelling of the above terms.)

(The following entry is uncreated: やまかわ.)

References
  1. 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Vietnamese
Hán tự in this term
山河

Noun

山河

  1. chữ Hán form of sơn hà (“country”).
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