mournful; sad; grieved mournful; sad; grieved; sorry |
|||
|---|---|---|---|
| trad. (愴悢) | 愴 | 悢 | |
| simp. (怆悢) | 怆 | 悢 | |
| Rime | ||
|---|---|---|
| Character | 愴 | 悢 |
| Reading # | 2/2 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 初 (19) | 來 (37) |
| Final (韻) | 陽 (105) | 陽 (105) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | III | III |
| Fanqie | 初亮切 | 力讓切 |
| Reconstructions | ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang |
/t͡ʃʰɨɐŋH/ | /lɨɐŋH/ |
| Pan Wuyun |
/ʈ͡ʂʰiɐŋH/ | /liɐŋH/ |
| Shao Rongfen |
/t͡ʃʰiɑŋH/ | /liɑŋH/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank |
/ʈ͡ʂʰɨaŋH/ | /lɨaŋH/ |
| Li Rong |
/t͡ʃʰiaŋH/ | /liaŋH/ |
| Wang Li |
/t͡ʃʰĭaŋH/ | /lĭaŋH/ |
| Bernard Karlgren |
/ʈ͡ʂʰi̯aŋH/ | /li̯aŋH/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex |
chuàng | liàng |