撫子

Japanese
撫子: a common pink, Dianthus plumarius; known as 竜田撫子 (Tatsuta nadeshiko) in Japanese
Kanji in this term
撫 子
な(でし)
Jinmeiyō		 こ
Grade: 1
kun’yomi
Alternative spelling
瞿麦 (rare, only for the "pink" sense)

Etymology

⟨nade si ko1⟩ → /nadeɕiko/

From Old Japanese, first attested in the Izumo-no-kuni Fudoki (733 CE).[1]

Originally derived from 撫で (nade), the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, stem or continuative form) of classical verb 撫づ (nadu), modern 撫でる (naderu, “to brush, stroke, or caress gently”) + し (-shi, continuative suffix) + 子 (-ko, diminutive and feminine suffix).

Pronunciation
  • (Tokyo) なで​しこ [nàdéꜜshìkò] (Nakadaka – [2])[2]
  • IPA(key): [na̠de̞ɕiko̞]

Noun

撫(なでし)子(こ) • (nadeshiko) 

  1. [from 733] 瞿麦: pink (any flower of the genus Dianthus); especially, the 河原撫子 (kawara nadeshiko, “fringed pink, large pink”, Dianthus superbus)
    • c. 759, Man'yōshū (book 19, poem 4231), text here
      奈泥之故(なでしこ)波(は)秋咲物(あきさくもの)乎(を)君(きみが)宅(いへ)之(の)雪(ゆきの)巌(いはほ)尓(に)左家理家流可母(さけりけるかも) [Man'yōgana]
      なでしこは秋(あき)咲(さ)くものを君(きみ)が家(いへ)の雪(ゆき)の巌(いはほ)に咲(さ)けりけるかも [Modern spelling]
      nadeshiko wa aki-saku mono o kimi ga ie no yuki no iwao ni sakerikeru ka mo
      Pinks are flowers that bloom in fall, but at your house they bloom on a snow mountain.[3]
    Synonyms: 野撫子 (no-nadeshiko), 大和撫子 (Yamato nadeshiko)
  2. [from late 900s] Short for 撫子襲 (nadeshiko-gasane): a style of layering garments, with the front layer in the color of 紅梅 (kōbai, “red plum or apricot”), and the back with blue (Can we verify(+) this sense?)
  3. [from late 1300s] a style of 家紋 (kamon, “family crest”), another name for 常夏 (tokonatsu)
  4. [from late 900s] a lovable, caressable child

Derived terms
Derived terms
  • 撫(なでし)子(こ)合(あ)わせ (nadeshiko-awase)
  • 撫(なでし)子(こ)色(いろ) (nadeshiko-iro)
  • 撫(ナデシ)子(コ)貝(ガイ) (nadeshikogai)
  • なでしこジャパン (Nadeshiko Japan): nickname of Japan women’s national football team
  • 撫(なでし)子(こ)の若(わか)葉(ば)の色(いろ) (nadeshiko no wakaba no iro)
  • 撫(なでし)子(こ)銘柄(めいがら) (Nadeshiko-meigara)
  • アメリカ撫(ナデシ)子(コ) (Amerika nadeshiko), 髭(ヒゲ)撫(ナデシ)子(コ), 鬚(ヒゲ)撫(ナデシ)子(コ) (hige nadeshiko), 美(ビ)女(ジョ)撫(ナデシ)子(コ) (bijo nadeshiko)
  • 伊勢(イセ)撫(ナデシ)子(コ) (Ise nadeshiko)
  • 唐(カラ)撫(ナデシ)子(コ) (kara nadeshiko, “China pink”, Dianthus chinensis)
  • 河原(カワラ)撫(ナデシ)子(コ) (kawara nadeshiko, “large pink”, Dianthus superbus)
  • 小(コ)米(ゴメ)撫(ナデシ)子(コ)) (kogome nadeshiko))
  • 信(シナ)濃(ノ)撫(ナデシ)子(コ) (Shinano nadeshiko), 深(ミ)山(ヤマ)撫(ナデシ)子(コ) (Miyama nadeshiko)
  • 麝(ジャ)香(コウ)撫(ナデシ)子(コ) (jakō nadeshiko), 和蘭(オランダ)撫(ナデシ)子(コ) (Oranda nadeshiko)
  • 白(しろ)撫(なでし)子(こ) (shiro nadeshiko)
  • 高(タカ)嶺(ネ)撫(ナデシ)子(コ) (takane nadeshiko)
  • 竜(タツ)田(タ)撫(ナデシ)子(コ) (Tatsuta nadeshiko, Dianthus plumarius)
  • 野(ノ)撫(ナデシ)子(コ) (no-nadeshiko)
  • 花(はな)撫(なでし)子(こ) (hana nadeshiko)
  • 浜(ハマ)撫(ナデシ)子(コ) (hama nadeshiko), 薩(サツ)摩(マ)撫(ナデシ)子(コ) (Satsuma nadeshiko), 夏(ナツ)撫(ナデシ)子(コ) (natsu nadeshiko), 藤(フジ)撫(ナデシ)子(コ), 富(フ)士(ジ)撫(ナデシ)子(コ) (fuji nadeshiko, Dianthus japonicus)
  • 姫(ヒメ)撫(ナデシ)子(コ) (hime nadeshiko)
  • 袋(フクロ)撫(ナデシ)子(コ) (fukuro nadeshiko)
  • 紅(ベニ)撫(ナデシ)子(コ) (beni nadeshiko)
  • 細(ホソ)葉(バ)撫(ナデシ)子(コ) (hosoba nadeshiko)
  • 蛍(ホタル)撫(ナデシ)子(コ) (hotaru nadeshiko)
  • 松(マツ)葉(バ)撫(ナデシ)子(コ) (matsuba nadeshiko)
  • 桔(キ)梗(キョウ)撫(ナデシ)子(コ) (kikyō nadeshiko)
  • 麦(ムギ)撫(ナデシ)子(コ) (mugi nadeshiko)
  • 虫取(ムシトリ)撫(ナデシ)子(コ) (mushitori nadeshiko), 蠅取(ハエトリ)撫(ナデシ)子(コ) (haetori nadeshiko)
  • 大和(やまと)撫(なでし)子(こ) (Yamato nadeshiko)
  • 琉球(リュウキュウ)撫(ナデシ)子(コ) (Ryūkyū nadeshiko)

Proper noun

撫(なでし)子(こ) • (Nadeshiko) 

  1. a female given name
  2. a surname

References
  1. 1984, 日本大百科全書：ニッポニカ (Nippon Dai Hyakka Zensho: Nipponica, “Encyclopedia Nipponica”) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, relevant text online here.
  2. 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  3. Paula Doe; Yakamochi Ōtomo (1982) A Warbler's Song in the Dusk: The Life and Work of Ōtomo Yakamochi (718-785), illustrated edition, University of California Press, →ISBN, page 131
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