| dazzle; glorious | alert; departed soul; efficacious alert; departed soul; efficacious; quick; effective; intelligence | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| trad. (曜靈) | 曜 | 靈 | |
| simp. (曜灵) | 曜 | 灵 | |
| Rime | ||
|---|---|---|
| Character | 曜 | 靈 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 以 (36) | 來 (37) |
| Final (韻) | 宵 (91) | 青 (125) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | III | IV |
| Fanqie | 弋照切 | 郎丁切 |
| Reconstructions | ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang |
/jiᴇuH/ | /leŋ/ |
| Pan Wuyun |
/jiɛuH/ | /leŋ/ |
| Shao Rongfen |
/jæuH/ | /lɛŋ/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank |
/jiawH/ | /lɛjŋ/ |
| Li Rong |
/iɛuH/ | /leŋ/ |
| Wang Li |
/jĭɛuH/ | /lieŋ/ |
| Bernard Karlgren |
/i̯ɛuH/ | /lieŋ/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex |
yào | líng |
| Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) | ||
|---|---|---|
| Character | 曜 | 靈 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) |
yào | líng |
| Middle Chinese |
‹ yewH › | ‹ leng › |
| Old Chinese |
/*lewk-s/ | /*[r]ˁeŋ/ |
| English | shine | supernatural |
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; | ||
| Zhengzhang system (2003) | ||
|---|---|---|
| Character | 曜 | 靈 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| No. | 2212 | 8259 |
| Phonetic component |
翟 | 霝 |
| Rime group |
豹 | 耕 |
| Rime subdivision |
2 | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime |
燿 | 靈 |
| Old Chinese |
/*lewɢs/ | /*reːŋ/ |