橐駝

See also: 橐驼

Chinese

		sack; tube for blowing fire	humpback
trad. (橐駝)		橐	駝
simp. (橐驼)		橐	驼
alternative forms		橐駞／橐驼

Etymology

Schuessler (2014) reconstructs its pronunciation around 59 BCE as *thâk-lâi > *tʰɑk-dɑi.

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): tuótuó

(Zhuyin): ㄊㄨㄛˊ ㄊㄨㄛˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): tok³ to⁴

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: tuótuó
  - Zhuyin: ㄊㄨㄛˊ ㄊㄨㄛˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: tuótuó
  - Wade–Giles: tʻo²-tʻo²
  - Yale: twó-twó
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: twotwo
  - Palladius: тото (toto)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰwɔ³⁵ tʰwɔ³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: tok³ to⁴
  - Yale: tok tòh
  - Cantonese Pinyin: tok⁸ to⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: tog³ to⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰɔːk̚³ tʰɔː²¹/

Middle Chinese: /tʰɑk̚ dɑ/

Rime
Character	橐	駝
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	透 (6)	定 (7)
Final (韻)	唐 (103)	歌 (94)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	I	I
Fanqie	他各切	徒河切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/tʰɑk̚/	/dɑ/
Pan Wuyun	/tʰɑk̚/	/dɑ/
Shao Rongfen	/tʰɑk̚/	/dɑ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/tʰak̚/	/da/
Li Rong	/tʰɑk̚/	/dɑ/
Wang Li	/tʰɑk̚/	/dɑ/
Bernard Karlgren	/tʰɑk̚/	/dʱɑ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	tuo	tuó
Expected Cantonese Reflex	tok³	to⁴

Old Chinese
(Zhengzhang): /*tʰaːɡ l'aːl/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	橐
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	tuó
Middle Chinese	‹ thak ›
Old Chinese	/*tʰˁak/
English	sack; bellows
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	橐	駝
Reading #	1/1	1/1
No.	11459	12214
Phonetic component	石	它
Rime group	鐸	歌
Rime subdivision	0	1
Corresponding MC rime	託	駝
Old Chinese	/*tʰaːɡ/	/*l'aːl/

Noun

橐駝

(Classical Chinese) Alternative name for 駱駝／骆驼 (luòtuo, “camel”).
(Classical Chinese) hunchback due to age and sickness

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