至那

Chinese

		phonetic
simp. and trad. (至那)		至	那

Etymology

From Sanskrit चीन (cīna).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): Zhìnà

(Zhuyin): ㄓˋ ㄋㄚˋ

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: Zhìnà
  - Zhuyin: ㄓˋ ㄋㄚˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: Jhìhnà
  - Wade–Giles: Chih⁴-na⁴
  - Yale: Jr̀-nà
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: Jyhnah
  - Palladius: Чжина (Čžina)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ nä⁵¹/

Middle Chinese: /t͡ɕiɪH nɑ/

Rime
Character	至	那
Reading #	1/1	1/3
Initial (聲)	章 (23)	泥 (8)
Final (韻)	脂 (15)	歌 (94)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	I
Fanqie	脂利切	諾何切
Baxter	tsyijH	na
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/t͡ɕiɪ^H/	/nɑ/
Pan Wuyun	/t͡ɕi^H/	/nɑ/
Shao Rongfen	/t͡ɕjɪ^H/	/nɑ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ci^H/	/na/
Li Rong	/t͡ɕi^H/	/nɑ/
Wang Li	/t͡ɕi^H/	/nɑ/
Bernard Karlgren	/t͡ɕi^H/	/nɑ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	zhì	nuó
Expected Cantonese Reflex	zi³	no⁴

Proper noun

至那

(obsolete, Buddhism) Alternative form of 支那 (Zhīnà, “China”).

Usage notes

Unlike 支那 (Zhīnà), this term is neutral and no longer in use.

Synonyms

Synonyms of 至那

中 (Zhōng) (abbreviation)
中原 (Zhōngyuán)
九州 (Jiǔzhōu)
唐山 (Tángshān)
域中 (yùzhōng) (literary, figurative)
天下 (tiānxià) (lofty)
天朝 (Tiāncháo) (historical or Internet slang)
支那 (Zhīnà) (obsolete, now usually derogatory or offensive)
桃花石 (Táohuāshí) (obsolete)
猜拿 (transliteration of English China)
神州 (Shénzhōu) (literary)
脂那 (Zhīnà) (obsolete)

至那 (Zhìnà) (obsolete)
震旦 (Zhèndàn) (archaic)
中國／中国 (Zhōngguó)
中華／中华 (Zhōnghuá)
種花家／种花家 (Zhònghuājiā) (slang, humorous)
華／华 (Huá) (abbreviation)
華夏／华夏 (Huáxià)
諸夏／诸夏 (Zhūxià)
諸華／诸华 (Zhūhuá)
赤縣／赤县 (Chìxiàn) (literary)
赤縣神州／赤县神州 (Chìxiàn Shénzhōu) (literary)

Derived terms

摩訶至那／摩诃至那

Related terms

震旦 (Zhèndàn)

References

Ding, Fubao (丁福保) (1922), “支那” in 佛學大辭典 [A Dictionary of Chinese Buddhist Terms].

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