泥

泥 U+6CE5, 泥
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6CE5
← 泤
[U+6CE4]
CJK Unified Ideographs 泦 →
[U+6CE6]
泥 U+F9E3, 泥
CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F9E3
← 梨
[U+F9E2]
CJK Compatibility Ideographs 理 →
[U+F9E4]

Translingual

Han character

泥 (Kangxi radical 85, 水+5, 8 strokes, cangjie input 水尸心 (ESP), four-corner 37111, composition ⿰氵尼)

Derived characters

References

Chinese

trad. 泥
simp. # 泥
alternative forms
 
坭
埿
𡊴
𡌰
𢇀
坭
埿
𡊴
𡌰
𢇀
𥩥

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 泥
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *niːl, *niːls) : semantic 氵 (“water”) + phonetic 尼 (OC *nil).

Etymology 1

Schuessler (2007) suggests it is of Sino-Tibetan origin and compares it to Lai [script needed] (nôoy-I, nǒoy-II, “be muddy”), which STEDT derives from Proto-Kuki-Chin *nooy ~ *naay (“muddy; dirty”). According to Schuessler (2007), 泥 (OC *niːl, “mud”) is also cognate with 濘 (OC *neːŋs) but not with 涅 (OC *niːɡ), and is distinct from 泥 (OC *niːls, “impeded”).

On the other hand, STEDT compares 泥 (OC *niːl, *niːls) to Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-njak (“filth(y); excrement”), to which 敜 (OC *nɯːb) and 涅 (OC *niːɡ) are also compared.

Pronunciation


Note:
  • nài/nai2 - colloquial;
  • nì/ni2 - literary.
Note:
  • nî/lî - vernacular;
  • lê/nê - literary.

  • Dialectal data
Variety Location 泥
Mandarin Beijing /ni³⁵/
Harbin /ni²⁴/
Tianjin /ni⁴⁵/
Jinan /ȵi⁴²/
Qingdao /ni⁴²/
/mi⁴²/
Zhengzhou /ni⁴²/
Xi'an /ni²⁴/
Xining /mji²⁴/
Yinchuan /mi⁵³/
/ni⁵³/
Lanzhou /ȵi⁵³/
Ürümqi /ȵi⁵¹/
Wuhan /ni²¹³/
Chengdu /ȵi³¹/
Guiyang /ni²¹/
Kunming /ni³¹/
Nanjing /li²⁴/
Hefei /mz̩⁵⁵/
Jin Taiyuan /ni¹¹/ ~皮
/ni⁴⁵/ ~匠
Pingyao /ȵi¹³/ ~牆牆
/ȵi³⁵/ ~匠
Hohhot /ni³¹/
Wu Shanghai /ȵi²³/
Suzhou /ȵi¹³/
Hangzhou /ȵi²¹³/
Wenzhou /ȵi³¹/
Hui Shexian /ni⁴⁴/
Tunxi /ȵie⁴⁴/
Xiang Changsha /ȵi¹³/
Xiangtan /ȵi¹²/
Gan Nanchang /ȵi⁴⁵/
Hakka Meixian /nai¹¹/
/ni¹¹/
Taoyuan /nɑi¹¹/
Cantonese Guangzhou /nɐi²¹/
Nanning /nɐi²¹/
Hong Kong /nɐi²¹/
Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /ne³⁵/
/ni³⁵/
Fuzhou (Min Dong) /nɛ⁵³/
Jian'ou (Min Bei) /ni²¹/
/nai³³/
Shantou (Min Nan) /nĩ⁵⁵/
Haikou (Min Nan) /ni³¹/

Rime
Character 泥
Reading # 1/2
Initial (聲) 泥 (8)
Final (韻) 齊 (39)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) IV
Fanqie 奴低切
Baxter nej
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/nei/
Pan
Wuyun
/nei/
Shao
Rongfen
/nɛi/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/nɛj/
Li
Rong
/nei/
Wang
Li
/niei/
Bernard
Karlgren
/niei/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
ní
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
nai4
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 泥
Reading # 1/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
ní
Middle
Chinese
‹ nej ›
Old
Chinese
/*C.nˁ[əj]/
English mud

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 泥
Reading # 1/2
No. 9417
Phonetic
component
尼
Rime
group
脂
Rime
subdivision
1
Corresponding
MC rime
泥
Old
Chinese
/*niːl/

Definitions

泥

  1. mud (Classifier: 嚿 c; 坺 c)
    滿腳是泥/满脚是泥  ―  mǎn jiǎo shì ní  ―  mud all over one's feet
    軟泥/软泥  ―  ruǎnní  ―  soft mud
    泥娃娃  ―  níwáwá  ―  clay doll
  2. (dialectal) soil; earth
    一嚿泥 [Cantonese]  ―  jat1 gau6 nai4 [Jyutping]  ―  a clod of earth
  3. any mush-like substance
    薯泥  ―  shǔní  ―  mashed potato
    泥膠/泥胶  ―  níjiāo  ―  Blu-Tack
    鷹嘴豆泥/鹰嘴豆泥  ―  yīngzuǐdòuní  ―  hummus
  4. (obsolete) paint (used on walls)
  5. An ancient river in modern Hunan
  6. An ancient river in modern Gansu
  7. (obsolete) weak
  8. (Chinese mythology) a kind of animal that lived in sea
  9. a surname
  10. (~母) (Chinese linguistics) the Middle Chinese initial of 泥 (MC nei)
Synonyms

Compounds

Etymology 2

Schuessler (2007) suggests it is the exopassive derivation of 敜 (OC *nɯːb, “to stop up”) or 涅 (OC *niːɡ, “to stop up”) and is distinct from 泥 (OC *niːl, “mud”).

Pronunciation



Rime
Character 泥
Reading # 2/2
Initial (聲) 泥 (8)
Final (韻) 齊 (39)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) IV
Fanqie 奴計切
Baxter nejH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/neiH/
Pan
Wuyun
/neiH/
Shao
Rongfen
/nɛiH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/nɛjH/
Li
Rong
/neiH/
Wang
Li
/nieiH/
Bernard
Karlgren
/nieiH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
nì
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
nai6
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 泥
Reading # 2/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
ní
Middle
Chinese
‹ nejH ›
Old
Chinese
/*nˁər(ʔ)-s/
English impeded, obstructed (Lunyu)

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 泥
Reading # 2/2
No. 9421
Phonetic
component
尼
Rime
group
脂
Rime
subdivision
1
Corresponding
MC rime
泥
Old
Chinese
/*niːls/

Definitions

泥

  1. to hold up; to bog down
  2. to plaster; to cover with plaster
  3. stubborn; obstinate
    拘泥  ―  jūní  ―  to rigidly adhere to
  4. to pester using soft words
  5. to be obsessed with and be reluctant to let go of

Compounds

  • 拘泥 (jūnì)
  • 泥古
  • 泥古不化
  • 泥古非今
  • 泥子 (nìzi)
  • 泥酒
  • 泥滯/泥滞
  • 泥飲/泥饮
  • 滯泥/滞泥
  • 滯滯泥泥/滞滞泥泥

Pronunciation


Definitions

泥

  1. Only used in 泥泥.

Pronunciation


Definitions

泥

  1. Only used in 泥母.

Etymology 5

For pronunciation and definitions of 泥 – see 涅 (“black mud; melanterite; etc.”).
(This character, 泥, is a variant form of 涅.)

Etymology 6

For pronunciation and definitions of 泥 – see 屔.
(This character, 泥, is a variant form of 屔.)

References

Japanese

Kanji

泥

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

Readings

Etymology

Kanji in this term
泥
どろ
Grade: S
kun’yomi

Noun

泥(どろ) • (doro) 

  1. mud
Derived terms

Korean

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 泥 (MC nei, neiH). Recorded as Middle Korean 니 (ni) (Yale: ni) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

Hanja

Wikisource 泥 (eumhun 진흙 니 (jinheuk ni), South Korea 진흙 이 (jinheuk i))

  1. Hanja form? of 니/이 (“mud; dirt”).

Compounds

References

  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전/電子字典.

Vietnamese

Han character

泥: Hán Nôm readings: nề, nê, nệ, nè, nể, nễ, nơi

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References

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