草書

See also: 草书

Chinese

		grass; straw; draft (of a document) grass; straw; draft (of a document); careless; rough; manuscript; hasty	book; letter
trad. (草書)		草	書
simp. (草书)		草	书

Chinese calligraphy in the style of cursive script (Dong Qichang, 1603)

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): cǎoshū

(Zhuyin): ㄘㄠˇ ㄕㄨ
Cantonese (Jyutping): cou² syu¹
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): chhó-sû
Min Nan (POJ): chhó-chir / chhó-su / chhó-si / chháu-su

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: cǎoshū
  - Zhuyin: ㄘㄠˇ ㄕㄨ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: cǎoshu
  - Wade–Giles: tsʻao³-shu¹
  - Yale: tsǎu-shū
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tsaoshu
  - Palladius: цаошу (caošu)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹¹ ʂu⁵⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: cou² syu¹
  - Yale: chóu syū
  - Cantonese Pinyin: tsou² sy¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: cou² xu¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰou̯³⁵ ʃyː⁵⁵/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhó-sû
  - Hakka Romanization System: co` su´
  - Hagfa Pinyim: co³ su¹
  - Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰo³¹ su²⁴/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhó-chir
  - Tâi-lô: tshó-tsir
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sʰo⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ t͡sɯ³³/
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Xiamen)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhó-su
  - Tâi-lô: tshó-su
  - Phofsit Daibuun: zhoysw
  - IPA (Taipei, Xiamen): /t͡sʰo⁵³⁻⁴⁴ su⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sʰɤ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ su⁴⁴/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhó-si
  - Tâi-lô: tshó-si
  - Phofsit Daibuun: zhoysy
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sʰo⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ɕi⁴⁴/
- (Hokkien: Penang)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chháu-su
  - Tâi-lô: tsháu-su
  - Phofsit Daibuun: zhawsw
  - IPA (Penang): /t͡sʰau⁴⁴⁵⁻³³ su³³/

Middle Chinese: /t͡sʰɑu^X ɕɨʌ/

Rime
Character	草	書
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	清 (14)	書 (26)
Final (韻)	豪 (89)	魚 (22)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	I	III
Fanqie	采老切	傷魚切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/t͡sʰɑu^X/	/ɕɨʌ/
Pan Wuyun	/t͡sʰɑu^X/	/ɕiɔ/
Shao Rongfen	/t͡sʰɑu^X/	/ɕiɔ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/t͡sʰaw^X/	/ɕɨə̆/
Li Rong	/t͡sʰɑu^X/	/ɕiɔ/
Wang Li	/t͡sʰɑu^X/	/ɕĭo/
Bernard Karlgren	/t͡sʰɑu^X/	/ɕi̯wo/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	cǎo	shū
Expected Cantonese Reflex	cou²	syu¹

Noun

草書

(calligraphy) cursive script

Usage notes

Sometimes translated as grass script, mistaking the character 草 (cǎo) as meaning grass, when in fact it refers to writing which is careless; sloppy; hasty, for example the meaning implied in the compound words 潦草 (liáocǎo) and 草率 (cǎoshuài).

Synonyms

edit

草字 (cǎozì)
草寫／草写 (cǎoxiě)

草寫體／草写体 (cǎoxiětǐ)
草體／草体 (cǎotǐ)

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (草書):

→ Japanese: 草書(そうしょ) (sōsho)
→ Korean: 초서(草書) (choseo)
→ Vietnamese: thảo thư (草書)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
草	書
そう Grade: 1	しょ Grade: 2
on’yomi

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 草書 (MC t͡sʰɑu^X ɕɨʌ).

Pronunciation

On’yomi

(Tokyo) そーしょ [sòóshó] (Heiban – [0])[1]
IPA^(key): [so̞ːɕo̞]

Noun

草(そう)書(しょ) • (sōsho) ^{←さうしよ (sausyo)^?}

grass script (cursive writing)

References

2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

2002, Ineko Kondō; Fumi Takano; Mary E Althaus; et. al., Shogakukan Progressive Japanese-English Dictionary, Third Edition, Tokyo: Shōgakukan, →ISBN.

Korean

Hanja in this term
草	書

Noun

草書 • (choseo) (hangeul 초서)

Hanja form^? of 초서 (“grass script”).

Vietnamese

Hán tự in this term
草	書

Noun

草書

chữ Hán form of thảo thư (“grass script”).

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[DJR-1] 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN