清

See also: 淸 and 请
清 U+6E05, 清
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6E05
← 渄
[U+6E04]
CJK Unified Ideographs 渆 →
[U+6E06]

Translingual

Stroke order
11 strokes
Stroke order (Japan)
11 strokes

Alternative forms

The character present in the Kangxi dictionary is 淸 (U+6DF8), which is also the form used in Korea.

Han character

清 (Kangxi radical 85, 水+8, 11 strokes, cangjie input 水手一月 (EQMB), four-corner 35127, composition ⿰氵青(GHTJV))

Derived characters

  • 蔳, 𢴆, 𤂅, 𪸃, 𬈚, 𬈴, 𤄯, 𠑴

References

  • KangXi: not present, would follow page 633, character 37
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 17695
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1038, character 1
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1637, character 11
  • Unihan data for U+6E05

Chinese

trad. 清/淸
simp. 清
2nd round simp. 𰛓
alternative forms 𠗜
𨓽

Glyph origin

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *sʰleŋ) : semantic 氵 (“water”) + phonetic 青 (OC *sʰleːŋ).

Etymology 1

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *(t)s(j)aŋ (“clear; pure; clean”); cognate with Burmese ရှင်း (hrang:, “clean”), Tibetan གཙང (gtsang, “clean; pure”), Mizo thiang (“to be clear; to be clean; to be pure”), Southern Qiang ɕó, Drung cangma (“clean”) (Schuessler, 2007; STEDT).

Within Chinese, cognate with 淨 (OC *zeŋs, “clean”), 醒 (OC *seːŋ, *seːŋʔ, *seːŋs, “to wake up; to become sober”), and allofamic with 星 (OC *sleːŋ, “star”), 晴 (OC *zleŋ, “(of weather) clear; fine”); possibly also related to 靜 (OC *zleŋʔ, “quiet”) (Schuessler, 2007).

Perhaps an areal word; compare Proto-Mon-Khmer *caŋ (“to glitter”) (Schuessler, 2007).

Pronunciation


Note:
  • chĭng - literary;
  • chiăng - vernacular (used in placenames, e.g. 福清).
Note:
  • chheng - literary;
  • chhiⁿ/chhuiⁿ/chheⁿ - vernacular (limited, e.g. 清明);
  • chhiaⁿ - vernacular (used in placenames, e.g. 福清).

  • Dialectal data
Variety Location 清
Mandarin Beijing /t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵⁵/
Harbin /t͡ɕʰiŋ⁴⁴/
Tianjin /t͡ɕʰiŋ²¹/
Jinan /t͡ɕʰiŋ²¹³/
Qingdao /t͡sʰiŋ²¹³/
Zhengzhou /t͡sʰiŋ²⁴/
Xi'an /t͡ɕʰiŋ²¹/
Xining /t͡ɕʰiə̃⁴⁴/
Yinchuan /t͡ɕʰiŋ⁴⁴/
Lanzhou /t͡ɕʰĩn³¹/
Ürümqi /t͡ɕʰiŋ⁴⁴/
Wuhan /t͡ɕʰin⁵⁵/
Chengdu /t͡ɕʰin⁵⁵/
Guiyang /t͡ɕʰin⁵⁵/
Kunming /t͡ɕʰĩ⁴⁴/
Nanjing /t͡sʰin³¹/
Hefei /t͡ɕʰin²¹/
Jin Taiyuan /t͡ɕʰiəŋ¹¹/
Pingyao /t͡ɕʰiŋ¹³/
/t͡sʰei¹³/ ~湯
Hohhot /t͡ɕʰĩŋ³¹/
Wu Shanghai /t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵³/
Suzhou /t͡sʰin⁵⁵/
Hangzhou /t͡ɕʰin³³/
Wenzhou /t͡sʰeŋ³³/
Hui Shexian /t͡sʰiʌ̃³¹/
Tunxi /t͡sʰɛ¹¹/
Xiang Changsha /t͡sʰin³³/
Xiangtan /t͡sʰin³³/
Gan Nanchang /t͡ɕʰiɑŋ⁴²/ 稀,不稠
/t͡ɕʰin⁴²/ ~楚
Hakka Meixian /t͡sʰin⁴⁴/
/t͡sʰiaŋ⁴⁴/ ~明
Taoyuan /t͡sʰin²⁴/
Cantonese Guangzhou /t͡sʰeŋ⁵³/
Nanning /t͡sʰɛŋ⁵⁵/
Hong Kong /t͡sʰiŋ⁵⁵/
Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /t͡sʰiŋ⁵⁵/
/t͡sʰĩ⁵⁵/ ~明
/t͡sʰiã⁵⁵/ 福~
Fuzhou (Min Dong) /t͡sʰiŋ⁴⁴/
Jian'ou (Min Bei) /t͡sʰeiŋ⁵⁴/
Shantou (Min Nan) /t͡sʰeŋ³³/
Haikou (Min Nan) /seŋ²³/

Rime
Character 清
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 清 (14)
Final (韻) 清 (121)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 七情切
Baxter tshjieng
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/t͡sʰiᴇŋ/
Pan
Wuyun
/t͡sʰiɛŋ/
Shao
Rongfen
/t͡sʰiæŋ/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/t͡sʰiajŋ/
Li
Rong
/t͡sʰiɛŋ/
Wang
Li
/t͡sʰĭɛŋ/
Bernard
Karlgren
/t͡sʰi̯ɛŋ/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
qīng
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
cing1
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 清
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
qīng
Middle
Chinese
‹ tshjeng ›
Old
Chinese
/*tsʰeŋ/
English clear (adj.)

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 清
Reading # 1/1
No. 11338
Phonetic
component
生
Rime
group
耕
Rime
subdivision
0
Corresponding
MC rime
清
Old
Chinese
/*sʰleŋ/

Definitions

清

  1. clear; limpid
  2. clean; unstained
  3. pure; unmixed
  4. distinct; clear; apparent
  5. fair and honest; upright
  6. quiet; still
  7. (phonetics) unaspirated
  8. to clear (throat, etc.); to clean
  9. to settle; to sort out
  10. (~朝) the Qing (Ching) dynasty (Manchu) (1644-1911)
  11. a surname
Synonyms
  • (the Qing dynasty):

See also

Dynasties (朝代) in Chinese history
NameTime periodDivisions
Xia
夏 (~朝, ~代)
2070 – 1600 BCE
Shang
商 (~朝, ~代)
殷 (~朝, ~代)
1600 – 1046 BCE
Zhou
周 (~朝, ~代)
1046 – 256 BCEWestern Zhou
西周
Eastern Zhou
東周/东周
Spring and Autumn period
春秋
Warring States period
戰國/战国
Qin
秦 (~朝, ~代)
221 – 206 BCE
Han
漢/汉 (~朝, ~代)
206 BCE – 220 C.E.Western Han
西漢/西汉
Xin
新 (~朝)
Eastern Han
東漢/东汉
Three Kingdoms
三國/三国
220 – 280 C.E.Wei
魏
Shu Han
蜀漢/蜀汉
Wu
吳/吴
Jin
晉/晋 (~朝, ~代)
265 – 420 C.E.Western Jin
西晉/西晋
Eastern Jin
東晉/东晋
Southern and Northern dynasties
南北朝
420 – 589 C.E.Northern dynasties
北朝
Northern Wei
北魏
Western Wei
西魏
Eastern Wei
東魏/东魏
Northern Zhou
北周
Northern Qi
北齊/北齐
Southern dynasties
南朝
Liu Song
劉宋/刘宋
Southern Qi
南齊/南齐
Liang
梁 (~朝, ~代)
Chen
陳/陈 (~朝, ~代)
Sui
隋 (~朝, ~代)
581 – 618 C.E.
Tang
唐 (~朝, ~代)
618 – 907 C.E.
Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms
五代十國/五代十国
907 – 960 C.E.
Liao
遼/辽 (~朝, ~代)
907 – 1125 C.E.
Song
宋 (~朝, ~代)
960 – 1279 C.E.Northern Song
北宋
Southern Song
南宋
Western Xia
西夏
1038 – 1227 C.E.
Jin
金 (~朝, ~代)
1115 – 1234 C.E.
Western Liao
西遼/西辽
1124 – 1218 C.E.
Yuan
元 (~朝, ~代)
1271 – 1368 C.E.
Ming
明 (~朝, ~代)
1368 – 1644 C.E.
Qing
清 (~朝, ~代)
1636 – 1912 C.E.

Compounds

Descendants

  • → English: Ching, Cing, Qing

References

Etymology 2

From rebracketing of reading of Ching, from non-standard romanisation of 師兄.

Pronunciation


Definitions

清

  1. (Hong Kong Cantonese, Internet slang) Alternative form of 師兄.

Japanese

Shinjitai

清

Kyūjitai

淸

Kanji

清

(grade 4 “Kyōiku” kanji, shinjitai kanji, kyūjitai form 淸)

  1. clear
  2. clarity
  3. refreshing
  4. clean, pure
  5. Qing dynasty

Readings

(Can we verify(+) this pronunciation?)

Compounds

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
清
しん
Grade: 4
tōon
Alternative spelling
淸 (kyūjitai)

Borrowing from Mandarin Chinese 清 (qīng, literally “bright, clear”).

Proper noun

清(しん) • (Shin) 

  1. the Qing dynasty (1616-1912)
  2. a place name
Derived terms

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
清
せい
Grade: 4
on’yomi
Alternative spelling
淸 (kyūjitai)

From Middle Chinese 清 (MC t͡sʰiᴇŋ).

Proper noun

清(せい) • (Sei) 

  1. a female given name
  2. a surname

Etymology 3

Kanji in this term
清
さや
Grade: 4
kun’yomi
Alternative spelling
淸 (kyūjitai)

From Old Japanese, first attested in the Kojiki (712 CE).

Stem of 清か (sayaka, “bright, clear”).

Alternative forms

Adverb

清(さや) • (saya) 

  1. brightly, clearly, vividly
  2. cleanly, freshly, purely
  3. rustlingly
Usage notes
  • Usually takes the particle に (ni).

Proper noun

清(さや) • (Saya) 

  1. a female given name

Etymology 4

Kanji in this term
清
さやか
Grade: 4
kun’yomi
Alternative spelling
淸 (kyūjitai)

Nominalization of 清か (sayaka, “bright, clear”).

Proper noun

清(さやか) • (Sayaka) 

  1. a female given name

Etymology 5

Kanji in this term
清
きよし
Grade: 4
nanori
Alternative spelling
淸 (kyūjitai)

From classical adjective 清し (kiyoshi), modern 清い (kiyoi, “clear”).

Proper noun

清(きよし) • (Kiyoshi) 

  1. a surname
  2. a unisex given name

Korean

Hanja

清 (eumhun 맑을 청 (malgeul cheong))

  1. Alternative form of 淸

Kunigami

Kanji

清

Okinawan

Kanji

清

(grade 4 “Kyōiku” kanji)

Readings

Compounds

Toku-No-Shima

Kanji

清

Vietnamese

Han character

清: Hán Nôm readings: thanh, thảnh, thênh, thinh

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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