野馬

Chinese

		field; plain; open space field; plain; open space; limit; boundary; rude; wild	horse; surname
trad. (野馬)		野	馬
simp. (野马)		野	马

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): yěmǎ

(Zhuyin): ㄧㄝˇ ㄇㄚˇ
Cantonese (Jyutping): je⁵ maa⁵
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): yâ-mâ
Min Nan (POJ): iá-bé

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: yěmǎ [Phonetic: yémǎ]
  - Zhuyin: ㄧㄝˇ ㄇㄚˇ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: yěmǎ
  - Wade–Giles: yeh³-ma³
  - Yale: yě-mǎ
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yeemaa
  - Palladius: ема (jema)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /jɛ²¹⁴⁻³⁵ mä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: je⁵ maa⁵
  - Yale: yéh máh
  - Cantonese Pinyin: je⁵ maa⁵
  - Guangdong Romanization: yé⁵ ma⁵
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /jɛː¹³ maː¹³/
Hakka
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yâ-mâ
  - Hakka Romanization System: ia´ ma´
  - Hagfa Pinyim: ya¹ ma¹
  - Sinological IPA: /i̯a²⁴⁻¹¹ ma²⁴/
- (Southern Sixian, incl. Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yâ-mâ
  - Hakka Romanization System: (r)ia´ ma´
  - Hagfa Pinyim: ya¹ ma¹
  - Sinological IPA: /(j)i̯a²⁴⁻¹¹ ma²⁴/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: iá-bé
  - Tâi-lô: iá-bé
  - Phofsit Daibuun: iafbea
  - IPA (Xiamen): /ia⁵³⁻⁴⁴ be⁵³/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /ia⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ be⁵⁵⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /ia⁵³⁻⁴⁴ be⁵³/
  - IPA (Taipei): /ia⁵³⁻⁴⁴ be⁵³/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /ia⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ be⁴¹/

Middle Chinese: /d͡ʑɨʌ^X mˠa^X/

Rime
Character	野	馬
Reading #	1/2	1/1
Initial (聲)	常 (25)	明 (4)
Final (韻)	魚 (22)	麻 (98)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	II
Fanqie	承與切	莫下切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/d͡ʑɨʌ^X/	/mˠa^X/
Pan Wuyun	/d͡ʑiɔ^X/	/mᵚa^X/
Shao Rongfen	/d͡ʑiɔ^X/	/ma^X/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/d͡ʑɨə̆^X/	/maɨ^X/
Li Rong	/ʑiɔ^X/	/ma^X/
Wang Li	/ʑĭo^X/	/ma^X/
Bernard Karlgren	/ʑi̯wo^X/	/ma^X/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	shù	mǎ
Expected Cantonese Reflex	syu⁶	maa⁵

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*lAʔ mˤraʔ/

(Zhengzhang): /*laːʔ mraːʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	野	馬
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	yě	mǎ
Middle Chinese	‹ yæ^X ›	‹ mæ^X ›
Old Chinese	/*lAʔ/	/*mˁraʔ/
English	open country	horse
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	野	馬
Reading #	1/2	1/1
No.	15722	8715
Phonetic component	予	馬
Rime group	魚	魚
Rime subdivision	0	0
Corresponding MC rime	野	馬
Old Chinese	/*laːʔ/	/*mraːʔ/

Noun

野馬

wild horse; untamed horse
(archaic) water vapour, floating clouds or dust in the fields
Alternative name for 貉 (hé).

Derived terms

跑野馬／跑野马

Japanese

Kanji in this term
野	馬
や Grade: 2	ば Grade: 2
on’yomi

Kanji in this term
野	馬
の Grade: 2	ま Grade: 2
yutōyomi

Kanji in this term
野	馬
の Grade: 2	うま Grade: 2
kun’yomi

Etymology

野 (no, ya, “field”) +‎ 馬 (uma, ma, ba, “horse”)

Pronunciation

Kun’yomi

(Tokyo) のうま [nóꜜùmà] (Atamadaka – [1])
IPA^(key): [no̞ɯ̟ᵝma̠]

Yutōyomi

(Tokyo) のま [nóꜜmà] (Atamadaka – [1])
IPA^(key): [no̞ma̠]

On’yomi: Kan’on

(Tokyo) やば [yáꜜbà] (Atamadaka – [1])
IPA^(key): [ja̠ba̠]

Noun

野(の)馬(うま) or 野(の)馬(ま) or 野(や)馬(ば) • (nouma or noma or yaba)

a wild horse

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