開元

Chinese

		open; operate (vehicle); start	primary; first; fundamental primary; first; fundamental; dollar; (dynasty)
trad. (開元)		開	元
simp. (开元)		开	元

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): kāiyuán

(Zhuyin): ㄎㄞㄩㄢˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): hoi¹ jyun⁴
Min Nan (POJ): khai-goân

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: kāiyuán
  - Zhuyin: ㄎㄞㄩㄢˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: kaiyuán
  - Wade–Giles: kʻai¹-yüan²
  - Yale: kāi-ywán
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: kaiyuan
  - Palladius: кайюань (kajjuanʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰaɪ̯⁵⁵ ɥɛn³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: hoi¹ jyun⁴
  - Yale: hōi yùhn
  - Cantonese Pinyin: hoi¹ jyn⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: hoi¹ yun⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /hɔːi̯⁵⁵ jyːn²¹/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khai-goân
  - Tâi-lô: khai-guân
  - Phofsit Daibuun: qai'goaan
  - IPA (Xiamen): /kʰai⁴⁴⁻²² ɡuan²⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /kʰai³³ ɡuan²⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /kʰai⁴⁴⁻²² ɡuan¹³/
  - IPA (Taipei): /kʰai⁴⁴⁻³³ ɡuan²⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /kʰai⁴⁴⁻³³ ɡuan²³/

Middle Chinese: /kʰʌi ŋʉɐn/

Rime
Character	開	元
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	溪 (29)	疑 (31)
Final (韻)	咍 (41)	元 (66)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Closed
Division (等)	I	III
Fanqie	苦哀切	愚袁切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kʰʌi/	/ŋʉɐn/
Pan Wuyun	/kʰəi/	/ŋʷiɐn/
Shao Rongfen	/kʰɒi/	/ŋiuɐn/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kʰəj/	/ŋuan/
Li Rong	/kʰᴀi/	/ŋiuɐn/
Wang Li	/kʰɒi/	/ŋĭwɐn/
Bernard Karlgren	/kʰɑ̆i/	/ŋi̯wɐn/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	kāi	yuán
Expected Cantonese Reflex	hoi¹	jyun⁴

Verb

開元

(literary) to start a new era

Proper noun

開元

era name of Emperor Xuanzong of Tang (713—741)

See also

天寶／天宝 (Tiānbǎo)

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