閻魔

Chinese
phonetic
trad. (閻魔) 閻 魔
simp. (阎魔) 阎 魔

Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit यम (yama, “Yama”).

Pronunciation

Rime
Character 閻 魔
Reading # 1/1 1/1
Initial (聲) 以 (36) 明 (4)
Final (韻) 鹽 (153) 戈 (95)
Tone (調) Level (Ø) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open Closed
Division (等) III I
Fanqie 余廉切 莫婆切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /jiᴇm/ /muɑ/
Pan
Wuyun		 /jiɛm/ /muɑ/
Shao
Rongfen		 /jæm/ /muɑ/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /jiam/ /mwa/
Li
Rong		 /iɛm/ /muɑ/
Wang
Li		 /jĭɛm/ /muɑ/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /i̯ɛm/ /muɑ/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 yán mó
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex		 jim4 mo4

Proper noun

閻魔

  1. (～王) (Hinduism, Buddhism, Chinese mythology) Synonym of 閻羅／阎罗 (Yánluó, “Yama (god of the underworld)”).

Derived terms
  • 閻魔天子／阎魔天子
  • 閻魔王／阎魔王

Japanese
Kanji in this term
閻 魔
えん
Hyōgaiji		 ま
Grade: S
on’yomi

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 閻魔 (MC jiᴇm muɑ), from Sanskrit यम (yáma), from Proto-Indo-Aryan *Yámas, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Yámas. Doublet of 夜摩 (Yama).

Pronunciation

Proper noun

閻(えん)魔(ま) • (Enma) 

  1. (Shinto): Enma, the Japanese name for Yama, the Buddhist and Chinese god who presides over naraku (hell).

Derived terms
  • 閻魔王(えんまおう) (Enma Ō): King Enma
  • 閻魔大王(えんまだいおう) (Enma Daiō): Great King Enma

References
  1. 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Further reading
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