飲む

Japanese
Kanji in this term
飲
の
Grade: 3
kun’yomi
Alternative spellings
飮む (kyūjitai)
呑む

Etymology

From Old Japanese. First attested in the Nihon Shoki of 720 CE.[1] Ultimately from Proto-Japonic *nəmu.

Cognates

In the Ryukyuan branch of Japonic, cognate with Kikai 飲みゅい (numyui), Kunigami 飲みん (numin), Miyako 飲むっ (num), Northern Amami-Oshima 飲むり (numuri), Okinawan 飲むん (numun), Oki-No-Erabu 飲みゅん (numyun), Southern Amami-Oshima 飲みゅむっ (numyum), Toku-No-Shima 飲み (numi), Yaeyama 飲むん (numun), Yonaguni 飲むん (numun), and Yoron 飲みゅん (numyun).

Pronunciation
  • Tokyo pitch accent of conjugated forms of "飲む"
Source: Online Japanese Accent Dictionary
Stem forms
Terminal (終止形)
Attributive (連体形)		 飲む の​む [nóꜜmù]
Imperative (命令形) 飲め の​め [nóꜜmè]
Key constructions
Passive 飲まれる のまれ​る [nòmáréꜜrù]
Causative 飲ませる のませ​る [nòmáséꜜrù]
Potential 飲める のめ​る [nòméꜜrù]
Volitional 飲もう のも​ー [nòmóꜜò]
Negative 飲まない のま​ない [nòmáꜜnàì]
Negative perfective 飲まなかった のま​なかった [nòmáꜜnàkàttà]
Formal 飲みます のみま​す [nòmímáꜜsù]
Perfective 飲んだ の​んだ [nóꜜǹdà]
Conjunctive 飲んで の​んで [nóꜜǹdè]
Hypothetical conditional 飲めば の​めば [nóꜜmèbà]

Verb

飲(の)む • (nomu) transitive godan (stem 飲(の)み (nomi), past 飲(の)んだ (nonda))

  1. to drink, to gulp, to swallow; to eat (soup)
    私(わたし)たちはさじでスープを飲(の)む。
    Watashitachi wa saji de sūpu o nomu.
    We eat soup with a spoon.
    私(わたし)はミルクを飲(の)んでいた。
    Watashi wa miruku o nondeita.
    I was drinking milk.
  2. (smoking) to smoke tobacco
  3. to overwhelm, to engulf
  4. to suppress, to keep down
  5. to take (medicine)
    薬(くすり)を飲(の)む
    kusuri o nomu
    to take medicine
  6. to accept something like a demand or a condition

Conjugation
Conjugation of "飲む" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective") 飲ま のま noma
Ren’yōkei ("continuative") 飲み のみ nomi
Shūshikei ("terminal") 飲む のむ nomu
Rentaikei ("attributive") 飲む のむ nomu
Kateikei ("hypothetical") 飲め のめ nome
Meireikei ("imperative") 飲め のめ nome
Key constructions
Passive 飲まれる のまれる nomareru
Causative 飲ませる
飲ます		 のませる
のます		 nomaseru
nomasu
Potential 飲める のめる nomeru
Volitional 飲もう のもう nomō
Negative 飲まない のまない nomanai
Negative continuative 飲まず のまず nomazu
Formal 飲みます のみます nomimasu
Perfective 飲んだ のんだ nonda
Conjunctive 飲んで のんで nonde
Hypothetical conditional 飲めば のめば nomeba
Classical conjugation of "飲む" (マ行四段活用, see Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Stem forms
Irrealis (未然形) 飲まのまnoma
Continuative (連用形) 飲みのみnomi
Terminal (終止形) 飲むのむnomu
Attributive (連体形) 飲むのむnomu
Realis (已然形) 飲めのめnome
Imperative (命令形) 飲めのめnome
Key constructions
Negative 飲まずのまずnomazu
Contrasting conjunction 飲めどのめどnomedo
Causal conjunction 飲めばのめばnomeba
Conditional conjunction 飲まばのまばnomaba
Past tense (firsthand knowledge) 飲みきのみきnomiki
Past tense (secondhand knowledge) 飲みけりのみけりnomikeri
Perfect tense (conscious action) 飲みつのみつnomitu
Perfect tense (natural event) 飲みぬのみぬnominu
Perfect-continuative tense 飲めり
飲みたり		のめり
のみたり		nomeri
nomitari
Volitional 飲まむのまむnomamu

Derived terms
Derived terms

References
  1. “飲・呑”, in 日本国語大辞典 (Nihon Kokugo Daijiten, “Nihon Kokugo Daijiten”)‎ (in Japanese), 2nd edition, Tōkyō: Shogakukan, 2000, →ISBN
  2. 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  3. 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN
  4. 1960, Tetsuo Hirayama (平山輝男, editor), 全国アクセント辞典 (Zenkoku Akusento Jiten, “Nationwide Accent Dictionary”), (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Tōkyōdō, →ISBN
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