飲

See also: 飮 and 饮
飲 U+98F2, 飲
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-98F2
← 飱
[U+98F1]
CJK Unified Ideographs 飳 →
[U+98F3]

Translingual

Han character

飲 (Kangxi radical 184, 食+4, 13 strokes, cangjie input 人戈弓人 (OINO), four-corner 87782, composition ⿰飠欠)

Derived characters

  • 𠿮 𡑨 𤀔 𥽁 𡼽 𫨜

References

  • KangXi: page 1417, character 19
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 44063
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1941, character 20
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 7, page 4445, character 7
  • Unihan data for U+98F2

Chinese

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 飲
Shang Western Zhou Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Transcribed ancient scripts

In the oracle bone script, it was an ideogrammic compound (會意) : 酉 (“bottle (of alcoholic beverages)”) + 人 (“person”) + 口 (“mouth (occasionally with the tongue protruding)”) – a person bending over a bottle to drink the alcoholic beverage. The droplets represented drops of the drink or saliva.

In the bronze script, the mouth separated from the body and corrupted into 今 (OC *krɯm), while the rest of the body became 欠 (OC *kʰoms). These two components also acted as phonetic components. These changes were inherited in the seal script, leading Shuowen to interpret this character (㱃) as a phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *qrɯmʔ, *qrɯms) : phonetic 酓 (OC *qʰɯːm, *qlamʔ, *qlɯːms) + semantic 欠 (“yawn”).

In the clerical script, 酓 has been modified to 食 (“to eat”), which is inherited in the current form.

Etymology 1

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *ʔam (“to eat; to drink”).

Pronunciation 1

trad. 飲
simp. 饮
alternative forms
 
㱃
酓
飮
𣲎
𩚜
㱃
酓
飮
𣲎
𩚜
泔 Min Dong and Hokkien (colloquial)
湆 Hokkien (colloquial)


Note:
  • ěng - literary;
  • ǎing - colloquial (“rice water”).
  • Min Dong
    • (Fuzhou)
      • Bàng-uâ-cê: īng / āng
      • Sinological IPA (key): /iŋ³³/, /aŋ³³/
Note:
  • īng - literary;
  • āng - colloquial (“rice water”).
Note:
  • ím - literary;
  • ám - colloquial (“rice water; sticky and watery”).
Note:
  • im2 - literary;
  • am2 - colloquial (“rice water”).

Rime
Character 飲
Reading # 1/2
Initial (聲) 影 (34)
Final (韻) 侵 (140)
Tone (調) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 於錦切
Baxter 'imX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/ʔˠiɪmX/
Pan
Wuyun
/ʔᵚimX/
Shao
Rongfen
/ʔiemX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/ʔjimX/
Li
Rong
/ʔjəmX/
Wang
Li
/ĭĕmX/
Bernard
Karlgren
/ʔi̯əmX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
yǐn
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
jam2
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 飲
Reading # 1/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
yǐn
Middle
Chinese
‹ ʔimX ›
Old
Chinese
/*q(r)[u]mʔ/
English drink (v.)

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 飲
Reading # 1/2
No. 6625
Phonetic
component
今
Rime
group
侵
Rime
subdivision
1
Corresponding
MC rime
㱃
Old
Chinese
/*qrɯmʔ/
Notes 說文作酓欠
Definitions

飲

  1. (literary or Cantonese, Hakka) to drink
    頸渴就飲水啦。 [Cantonese, trad.]
    颈渴就饮水啦。 [Cantonese, simp.]
    geng2 hot3 zau6 jam2 seoi2 laa1. [Jyutping]
    Drink water if you get thirsty.
  2. (Cantonese) to attend a banquet
    去飲/去饮 [Cantonese]  ―  heoi3 jam2 [Jyutping]  ―  to attend a banquet
    我今晚有得飲啊。 [Cantonese, trad.]
    我今晚有得饮啊。 [Cantonese, simp.]
    ngo5 gam1 maan5-1 jau5 dak1 jam2 aa1. [Jyutping]
    I have a banquet to attend.
  3. to swallow (tears); to nurse (grievance); to keep in the heart
  4. Alternative form of 隱/隐 (yǐn, “to hide; to conceal”).
  5. beverage; drink
  6. diet; food
  7. (dialectal Cantonese, including Taishanese, Yangjiang; dialectal Gan; dialectal Hakka; Min) rice water
  8. (Xiamen, Zhangping, Taiwanese Hokkien) sticky and watery
Synonyms
Compounds

Pronunciation 2

trad. 飲
simp. 饮
alternative forms
 
㱃
酓
飮
𣲎
𩚜
㱃
酓
飮
𣲎
𩚜
𢳃 “to water”
𢪪 “to water”



Rime
Character 飲
Reading # 2/2
Initial (聲) 影 (34)
Final (韻) 侵 (140)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 於禁切
Baxter 'imH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/ʔˠiɪmH/
Pan
Wuyun
/ʔᵚimH/
Shao
Rongfen
/ʔiemH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/ʔjimH/
Li
Rong
/ʔjəmH/
Wang
Li
/ĭĕmH/
Bernard
Karlgren
/ʔi̯əmH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
yìn
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
jam3
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 飲
Reading # 2/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
yìn
Middle
Chinese
‹ ʔimH ›
Old
Chinese
/*q(r)[ə]mʔ-s/
English give to drink

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 飲
Reading # 2/2
No. 6626
Phonetic
component
今
Rime
group
侵
Rime
subdivision
1
Corresponding
MC rime
蔭
Old
Chinese
/*qrɯms/
Notes 同㱃
Definitions

飲

  1. † to give (animals) water to drink; to water (animals)
  2. (Sichuanese) to water (plants)
  3. † to wine and dine; to entertain with alcohol and food
Synonyms
Compounds

Etymology 2

trad. 飲
simp. 饮

Pronunciation


Definitions

飲

  1. (Hokkien) Alternative form of 啉 (lim, “to drink”).

Japanese

Shinjitai

飲

Kyūjitai

飮

Kanji

飲

(grade 3 “Kyōiku” kanji, shinjitai kanji, kyūjitai form 飮)

Readings

  • Go-on: おん (on)
  • Kan-on: いん (in, Jōyō)
  • Kun: のむ (nomu, 飲む, Jōyō); のます (nomasu, 飲ます); みずかう (mizukau, 飲う)

Etymology

Kanji in this term
飲
いん
Grade: 3
kan’on
Alternative spelling
飮 (kyūjitai)

From Middle Chinese 飲 (MC ʔˠiɪmX, ʔˠiɪmH).

The kan'on pronunciation, so likely a later borrowing.

Pronunciation

Affix

飲(いん) • (in) 

  1. drink
  2. bear; endure

Derived terms

Noun

飲(いん) • (in) 

  1. (literary) drinking (alcoholic beverages)
  2. (literary) drink; beverage
  3. (literary) banquet; feast

References

  1. 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja

飲 (eumhun 마실 음 (masil eum))

  1. drink
  2. inhale

Compounds

Vietnamese

Han character

飲: Hán Nôm readings: ẩm, ỡm, hẩm

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