香港

Chinese

		fragrant good-smelling incense	harbour
trad. (香港)		香	港
simp. ^#(香港)		香	港

Etymology

The name 香港 first appeared on a map in 粵大記 [1595] as a label for an island that seems to be Ap Lei Chau. In the two Gazetteer of Xin'an County (新安縣志) published in 1688 and 1819, 香港 was the name of a village (as 香港村). The village was likely located in Wong Chuk Hang in the south of Hong Kong Island as indicated by 19th-century maps.

18th-century western maps appear to render the name of Hong Kong Island as Fan Chin Chow (or its variants), which appears to be a Hakka romanization of 飯甑洲 (Kwok and Cheung, 2007). In the Treaty of Nanking signed in 1842, the name 香港 referred to the entire Hong Kong Island.

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): Xiānggǎng

(Zhuyin): ㄒㄧㄤㄍㄤˇ
Cantonese
(Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): hoeng¹ gong²

(Taishan, Wiktionary): hiang¹ kong²
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): Hiông-kóng

(Meixian, Guangdong): hiong¹ guong³
Min Bei (KCR): Hióng-gǒ̤ng
Min Dong (BUC): Hiŏng-gē̤ng
Min Nan
(Hokkien, POJ): Hiong-káng / Hiang-káng

(Teochew, Peng'im): hiang¹ gang²
Wu (Wiktionary): ¹xian-kaan

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: Xiānggǎng
  - Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄤㄍㄤˇ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: Sianggǎng
  - Wade–Giles: Hsiang¹-kang³
  - Yale: Syāng-gǎng
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: Shianggaang
  - Palladius: Сянган (Sjangan)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕjɑŋ⁵⁵ kɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: hoeng¹ gong²
  - Yale: hēung góng
  - Cantonese Pinyin: hoeng¹ gong²
  - Guangdong Romanization: hêng¹ gong²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /hœːŋ⁵⁵ kɔːŋ³⁵/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
  - Wiktionary: hiang¹ kong²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /hiaŋ³³ kʰɔŋ⁵⁵/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: Hiông-kóng
  - Hakka Romanization System: hiong´ gong`
  - Hagfa Pinyim: hiong¹ gong³
  - Sinological IPA: /hi̯oŋ²⁴ koŋ³¹/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: hiong¹ guong³
  - Sinological IPA: /çiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³⁵ kuɔŋ³¹/
Min Bei
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized: Hióng-gǒ̤ng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /xiɔŋ⁵⁴ kɔŋ²¹/
Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: Hiŏng-gē̤ng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /hyoŋ⁵⁵⁻⁵³ ^(k-)ŋøyŋ³³/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, General Taiwanese, Jinjiang, Philippines, Singapore)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Hiong-káng
  - Tâi-lô: Hiong-káng
  - Phofsit Daibuun: hiongkarng
  - IPA (Singapore): /hiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kaŋ⁴²/
  - IPA (Xiamen): /hiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kaŋ⁵³/
  - IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang, Philippines): /hiɔŋ³³ kaŋ⁵⁵⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /hiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kaŋ⁴¹/
  - IPA (Taipei): /hiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kaŋ⁵³/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, Penang, Singapore)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Hiang-káng
  - Tâi-lô: Hiang-káng
  - Phofsit Daibuun: hiangkarng
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /hiaŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kaŋ⁵³/
  - IPA (Singapore): /hiaŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kaŋ⁴²/
  - IPA (Penang): /hiaŋ³³⁻²¹ kaŋ⁴⁴⁵/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: hiang¹ gang²
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: hiang káng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /hiaŋ³³⁻²³ kaŋ⁵²/
Wu
- (Shanghainese)
  - Wiktionary: ¹xian-kaan
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕiã⁵⁵ kɑ̃²¹/

Proper noun

香港

(～特別行政區) Hong Kong (a city and special administrative region of China)
Short for 香港島／香港岛 (Xiānggǎngdǎo, “Hong Kong Island”).
- 我的胞兄香港在訴他的苦痛，
  母親呀，可記得你的幼女九龍？ [MSC, trad.]
  我的胞兄香港在诉他的苦痛，
  母亲呀，可记得你的幼女九龙？ [MSC, simp.]
  From: 1925, Wen Yiduo, 七子之歌
  Wǒ de bāoxiōng Xiānggǎng zài sù tā de kǔtòng,
  mǔqīn ya, kě jìdé nǐ de yòunǚ Jiǔlóng? [Pinyin]
  My brother Hong Kong (Island) is expressing his pain,
  oh mother, do you remember your daughter Kowloon?
(～村) (historical) Hong Kong (a former village in the south of Hong Kong Island)

Synonyms

(city): 香江 (Xiāngjiāng), 香港地, 東方之珠／东方之珠

Derived terms

港九 (Gǎng-Jiǔ)
香港人 (Xiānggǎngrén)
香港仔 (Xiānggǎngzǎi)
香港元
香港地

香港島／香港岛 (Xiānggǎngdǎo)
香港手語／香港手语 (Xiānggǎng shǒuyǔ)
香港特別行政區／香港特别行政区 (Xiānggǎng Tèbié Xíngzhèngqū)
香港腳／香港脚 (xiānggǎngjiǎo)
香港話／香港话 (Xiānggǎnghuà)

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (香港):

→ Korean: 향항(香港) (Hyanghang)
→ Vietnamese: Hương Cảng (香港)

Others:

→ English: Hong Kong, Xianggang
- → Japanese: 香港(ホンコン) (Honkon)
- → Korean: 홍콩 (Hongkong)
- → Russian: Гонко́нг (Gonkóng)
→ French: Hong Kong, Hongkong
→ Japanese: シャンガン (Shangan)
→ Mongolian: Хонконг (Xonkong) (Mongolia)
→ Mongolian: ᠰᠢᠶᠠᠩᠭᠠᠩ (siyaŋɣaŋ) (China)
→ Russian: Сянга́н (Sjangán)
→ Tibetan: ཞང་ཀང (zhang kang)
→ Uyghur: شياڭگاڭ‎ (shyanggang)
→ Vietnamese: Hồng Công, Hồng Kông
→ Zhuang: Yanghgangj

Japanese

Kanji in this term
香	港
ほん Grade: 4	こん Grade: 3
irregular

Etymology

From English Hong Kong, from Cantonese 香港 (hoeng¹ gong²).

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) ホンコン [hóꜜǹkòǹ] (Atamadaka – [1])[1]
IPA^(key): [hõ̞ŋkõ̞ɴ]

Proper noun

香港(ホンコン) • (Hon Kon)

Hong Kong
中(ちゅう)華(か)人(じん)民(みん)共(きょう)和(わ)国(こく)香(ホン)港(コン)特(とく)別(べつ)行(ぎょう)政(せい)区(く)
Chūka Jinmin Kyōwakoku Hon Kon Tokubetsu Gyōseiku
the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China

References

1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja in this term
香	港

Proper noun

香港 • (Hyanghang) (hangeul 향항)

Hanja form^? of 향항 (“Hong Kong”).

Vietnamese

Hán tự in this term
香	港

Proper noun

香港

chữ Hán form of Hương Cảng (“Hong Kong”).

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[NHK-1] 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN