< Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/akaną
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This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Germanic
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈɑ.kɑ.nɑ̃/
Etymology 1
From Proto-Indo-European *h₂éǵeti, from *h₂eǵ- (“to drive”). Cognate with Latin agō (“drive”), Ancient Greek ἄγω (ágō, “direct, drive, lead, draw, go”), Sanskrit अजति (ájati, “he drives”).
Inflection
Conjugation of *akaną (strong class 6)
| active voice | passive voice | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| present tense | indicative | subjunctive | imperative | indicative | subjunctive |
| 1st singular | *akō | *akaų | — | *akai | ? |
| 2nd singular | *akizi | *akaiz | *ak | *akazai | *akaizau |
| 3rd singular | *akidi | *akai | *akadau | *akadai | *akaidau |
| 1st dual | *akōz | *akaiw | — | — | — |
| 2nd dual | *akadiz | *akaidiz | *akadiz | — | — |
| 1st plural | *akamaz | *akaim | — | *akandai | *akaindau |
| 2nd plural | *akid | *akaid | *akid | *akandai | *akaindau |
| 3rd plural | *akandi | *akain | *akandau | *akandai | *akaindau |
| past tense | indicative | subjunctive | |||
| 1st singular | *ōk | *ōkį̄ | |||
| 2nd singular | *ōht | *ōkīz | |||
| 3rd singular | *ōk | *ōkī | |||
| 1st dual | *ōkū | *ōkīw | |||
| 2nd dual | *ōkudiz | *ōkīdiz | |||
| 1st plural | *ōkum | *ōkīm | |||
| 2nd plural | *ōkud | *ōkīd | |||
| 3rd plural | *ōkun | *ōkīn | |||
| present | past | ||||
| participles | *akandz | *akanaz | |||
Related terms
- *ēkaną
Descendants
Etymology 2
From Proto-Indo-European *h₂eg- (“sin, crime”). Cognate with Ancient Greek ἄγος (ágos, “curse, blood-guilt, penance”), Sanskrit आगस् (ā́gas, “offence, injury, sin, fault”).
Inflection
Conjugation of *akaną (strong class 6)
| active voice | passive voice | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| present tense | indicative | subjunctive | imperative | indicative | subjunctive |
| 1st singular | *akō | *akaų | — | *akai | ? |
| 2nd singular | *akizi | *akaiz | *ak | *akazai | *akaizau |
| 3rd singular | *akidi | *akai | *akadau | *akadai | *akaidau |
| 1st dual | *akōz | *akaiw | — | — | — |
| 2nd dual | *akadiz | *akaidiz | *akadiz | — | — |
| 1st plural | *akamaz | *akaim | — | *akandai | *akaindau |
| 2nd plural | *akid | *akaid | *akid | *akandai | *akaindau |
| 3rd plural | *akandi | *akain | *akandau | *akandai | *akaindau |
| past tense | indicative | subjunctive | |||
| 1st singular | *ōk | *ōkį̄ | |||
| 2nd singular | *ōht | *ōkīz | |||
| 3rd singular | *ōk | *ōkī | |||
| 1st dual | *ōkū | *ōkīw | |||
| 2nd dual | *ōkudiz | *ōkīdiz | |||
| 1st plural | *ōkum | *ōkīm | |||
| 2nd plural | *ōkud | *ōkīd | |||
| 3rd plural | *ōkun | *ōkīn | |||
| present | past | ||||
| participles | *akandz | *akanaz | |||
Related terms
- *akiz
- *aklaz
Descendants
References
- Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*akan- 1”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 18
- Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*akan- 2”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 18
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