< Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic

Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/gabbōną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

Kroonen reconstructs an iterative verb *gʰHbʰnéh₂- derived from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰeh₂- (“to gape, be wide open”)[1], but only the variant with a geminate -bb- in the root is actually attested in the descendants.

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /ˈɣɑb.bɔː.nɑ̃/

Verb

*gabbōną

  1. to joke, to mock
  2. to laugh

Inflection
Conjugation of *gabbōną (weak class 2)
active voice passive voice
present tense indicative subjunctive imperative indicative subjunctive
1st singular *gabbō*gabbǭ—*gabbōi ?
2nd singular *gabbōsi*gabbōs*gabbō*gabbōsai*gabbōsau
3rd singular *gabbōþi*gabbō*gabbōþau*gabbōþai*gabbōþau
1st dual *gabbōs*gabbōw———
2nd dual *gabbōþiz*gabbōþiz*gabbōþiz——
1st plural *gabbōmaz*gabbōm—*gabbōnþai*gabbōnþau
2nd plural *gabbōþ*gabbōþ*gabbōþ*gabbōnþai*gabbōnþau
3rd plural *gabbōnþi*gabbōn*gabbōnþau*gabbōnþai*gabbōnþau
past tense indicative subjunctive
1st singular *gabbōdǭ*gabbōdēdį̄
2nd singular *gabbōdēz*gabbōdēdīz
3rd singular *gabbōdē*gabbōdēdī
1st dual *gabbōdēdū*gabbōdēdīw
2nd dual *gabbōdēdudiz*gabbōdēdīdiz
1st plural *gabbōdēdum*gabbōdēdīm
2nd plural *gabbōdēdud*gabbōdēdīd
3rd plural *gabbōdēdun*gabbōdēdīn
present past
participles *gabbōndz*gabbōdaz

Descendants
  • Proto-West Germanic: *gabbōn
    • Old English: *gabbian, gabban
      • Middle English: gabben
        • English: gab
          • ⇒ English: gabble (possibly borrowed from Dutch)
    • Old Frisian: gabbia
      • ⇒ Saterland Frisian: gabbelje
      • West Frisian: gabbje
    • Old Saxon: *gabbōn
      • Middle Low German: gabben
        • ⇒ German Low German: gabbeln
    • Old Dutch: *gabbon
      • Middle Dutch: gabben
        • Dutch: gabben
          • →⇒ Swedish: begabba
          • ⇒ Dutch: gabbelen
        • ⇒ Dutch: ginnegappen, ginnegabben, ginnegaffen
  • Old Norse: gabba

References
  1. Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*gapp/bōn-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 169: “*gapōn-”
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