< Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic

Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/gapōną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰeh₂- (“to gape, be wide open”), closely related to *gabbōną (“to joke, to mock”).

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /ˈɣɑ.pɔː.nɑ̃/

Verb

*gapōną[1][2]

  1. to gape, to yawn
  2. to gaze, to observe

Inflection
Conjugation of *gapōną (weak class 2)
active voice passive voice
present tense indicative subjunctive imperative indicative subjunctive
1st singular *gapō*gapǭ—*gapōi ?
2nd singular *gapōsi*gapōs*gapō*gapōsai*gapōsau
3rd singular *gapōþi*gapō*gapōþau*gapōþai*gapōþau
1st dual *gapōs*gapōw———
2nd dual *gapōþiz*gapōþiz*gapōþiz——
1st plural *gapōmaz*gapōm—*gapōnþai*gapōnþau
2nd plural *gapōþ*gapōþ*gapōþ*gapōnþai*gapōnþau
3rd plural *gapōnþi*gapōn*gapōnþau*gapōnþai*gapōnþau
past tense indicative subjunctive
1st singular *gapōdǭ*gapōdēdį̄
2nd singular *gapōdēz*gapōdēdīz
3rd singular *gapōdē*gapōdēdī
1st dual *gapōdēdū*gapōdēdīw
2nd dual *gapōdēdudiz*gapōdēdīdiz
1st plural *gapōdēdum*gapōdēdīm
2nd plural *gapōdēdud*gapōdēdīd
3rd plural *gapōdēdun*gapōdēdīn
present past
participles *gapōndz*gapōdaz

Descendants
  • Proto-West Germanic: *gapōn
    • Old English: *gapian
      • ⇒ Old English: ofergapian
      • Middle English: gapen (Possibly from Old Norse)
    • Old Frisian: *gapia
      • West Frisian: gapje
    • Old Saxon: *gapōn
    • Old Dutch: gapon
    • Old High German: *gaffōn
  • Old Norse: gapa

References
  1. Orel, Vladimir (2003), “*ʒapōjanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology, Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 126
  2. Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*gapp/bōn-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 169: “*gapōn-”
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