< Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic

Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/gaigijaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *gʰeyǵʰ-, *gʰeygʰ- (“to gape, protrude”), from *ǵʰēy(w)-, *ǵʰyāw- (“to yawn, gape”).

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /ˈɣɑi̯.ɣi.jɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*gaigijaną[1]

  1. to move back and forth, to swing
  2. to take a wrong direction, to transgress

Inflection
Conjugation of *gaigijaną (weak class 1)
active voice passive voice
present tense indicative subjunctive imperative indicative subjunctive
1st singular *gaigijō*gaigijaų—*gaigijai ?
2nd singular *gaigīsi*gaigijais*gaigī*gaigijasai*gaigijaisau
3rd singular *gaigīþi*gaigijai*gaigijaþau*gaigijaþai*gaigijaiþau
1st dual *gaigijōs*gaigijaiw———
2nd dual *gaigijaþiz*gaigijaiþiz*gaigijaþiz——
1st plural *gaigijamaz*gaigijaim—*gaigijanþai*gaigijainþau
2nd plural *gaigīþ*gaigijaiþ*gaigīþ*gaigijanþai*gaigijainþau
3rd plural *gaigijanþi*gaigijain*gaigijanþau*gaigijanþai*gaigijainþau
past tense indicative subjunctive
1st singular *gaigidǭ*gaigidēdį̄
2nd singular *gaigidēz*gaigidēdīz
3rd singular *gaigidē*gaigidēdī
1st dual *gaigidēdū*gaigidēdīw
2nd dual *gaigidēdudiz*gaigidēdīdiz
1st plural *gaigidēdum*gaigidēdīm
2nd plural *gaigidēdud*gaigidēdīd
3rd plural *gaigidēdun*gaigidēdīn
present past
participles *gaigijandz*gaigidaz
  • *gīgāną

Descendants
  • Proto-West Germanic: *gaigijan
    • Old English: *gǣġan
    • Old Frisian: gēia
    • Old High German: *geigen
      • Middle High German: *geigen
        • German: geigen (“to move around, move back and forth”) (dialectal; possibly from *gīgāną instead)
  • Old Norse: geiga
    • Icelandic: geiga
    • Norwegian Nynorsk: geige

References
  1. Orel, Vladimir (2003), “*ʒaiʒjanan ~ *ʒaiʒōjanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology, Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 122
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