< Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/galpōną
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This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Germanic
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-European *gʰolb-, from *gʰel- (“to call, cry out, shout, scream”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈɡɑl.pɔː.nɑ̃/
Inflection
Conjugation of *galpōną (weak class 2)
| active voice | passive voice | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| present tense | indicative | subjunctive | imperative | indicative | subjunctive |
| 1st singular | *galpō | *galpǭ | — | *galpōi | ? |
| 2nd singular | *galpōsi | *galpōs | *galpō | *galpōsai | *galpōsau |
| 3rd singular | *galpōþi | *galpō | *galpōþau | *galpōþai | *galpōþau |
| 1st dual | *galpōs | *galpōw | — | — | — |
| 2nd dual | *galpōþiz | *galpōþiz | *galpōþiz | — | — |
| 1st plural | *galpōmaz | *galpōm | — | *galpōnþai | *galpōnþau |
| 2nd plural | *galpōþ | *galpōþ | *galpōþ | *galpōnþai | *galpōnþau |
| 3rd plural | *galpōnþi | *galpōn | *galpōnþau | *galpōnþai | *galpōnþau |
| past tense | indicative | subjunctive | |||
| 1st singular | *galpōdǭ | *galpōdēdį̄ | |||
| 2nd singular | *galpōdēz | *galpōdēdīz | |||
| 3rd singular | *galpōdē | *galpōdēdī | |||
| 1st dual | *galpōdēdū | *galpōdēdīw | |||
| 2nd dual | *galpōdēdudiz | *galpōdēdīdiz | |||
| 1st plural | *galpōdēdum | *galpōdēdīm | |||
| 2nd plural | *galpōdēdud | *galpōdēdīd | |||
| 3rd plural | *galpōdēdun | *galpōdēdīn | |||
| present | past | ||||
| participles | *galpōndz | *galpōdaz | |||
Related terms
- *gelpaną
Descendants
- Proto-West Germanic: *galpōn
- Old English: *galpian, *gealpian
- Old Frisian: *galpia
- Saterland Frisian: galpje
- West Frisian: gjalpje, gjealpje, gjalpe
- Old Saxon: galpōn
- Middle Low German: galpen
- German Low German: galpen
- Middle Low German: galpen
- Old Dutch: *galpon
- Middle Dutch: galpen
- Dutch: galpen
- Middle Dutch: galpen
- Old High German: *galpfōn
- Middle High German: galpen (possibly borrowed from Low German)
- German: galpen
- Middle High German: galpen (possibly borrowed from Low German)
- → Vulgar Latin: *galpāre
- Old Norse: *galpa
- Swedish: galpa (dialectal)
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