< Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/gulþijaną
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This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Germanic
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈɣul.θi.jɑ.nɑ̃/
Inflection
Conjugation of *gulþijaną (weak class 1)
| active voice | passive voice | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| present tense | indicative | subjunctive | imperative | indicative | subjunctive |
| 1st singular | *gulþijō | *gulþijaų | — | *gulþijai | ? |
| 2nd singular | *gulþīsi | *gulþijais | *gulþī | *gulþijasai | *gulþijaisau |
| 3rd singular | *gulþīþi | *gulþijai | *gulþijaþau | *gulþijaþai | *gulþijaiþau |
| 1st dual | *gulþijōs | *gulþijaiw | — | — | — |
| 2nd dual | *gulþijaþiz | *gulþijaiþiz | *gulþijaþiz | — | — |
| 1st plural | *gulþijamaz | *gulþijaim | — | *gulþijanþai | *gulþijainþau |
| 2nd plural | *gulþīþ | *gulþijaiþ | *gulþīþ | *gulþijanþai | *gulþijainþau |
| 3rd plural | *gulþijanþi | *gulþijain | *gulþijanþau | *gulþijanþai | *gulþijainþau |
| past tense | indicative | subjunctive | |||
| 1st singular | *gulþidǭ | *gulþidēdį̄ | |||
| 2nd singular | *gulþidēz | *gulþidēdīz | |||
| 3rd singular | *gulþidē | *gulþidēdī | |||
| 1st dual | *gulþidēdū | *gulþidēdīw | |||
| 2nd dual | *gulþidēdudiz | *gulþidēdīdiz | |||
| 1st plural | *gulþidēdum | *gulþidēdīm | |||
| 2nd plural | *gulþidēdud | *gulþidēdīd | |||
| 3rd plural | *gulþidēdun | *gulþidēdīn | |||
| present | past | ||||
| participles | *gulþijandz | *gulþidaz | |||
References
- Orel, Vladimir (2003), “*ʒulþjanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology, Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 146
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