Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/bʰendʰ-

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Root

*bʰendʰ-[1][2]

to bind
bond

Derived terms

Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *bʰendʰ-

*bʰéndʰ-e-ti (thematic root present)
- Proto-Germanic: *bindaną (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *bʰándʰati
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *bándʰati
    - Sanskrit: बन्धति (bándhati) (see there for further descendants)

*bʰondʰ-éye-ti (causative)
- Proto-Germanic: *bandijaną (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *bʰandʰáyati
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *bandʰáyati
    - Sanskrit: बन्धयति (bandháyati)
  - Proto-Iranian: *bandáyati
    - Avestan: 𐬠𐬀𐬥𐬛𐬀𐬌𐬌𐬀𐬌𐬙𐬌‎ (bandaiiaⁱti)

*bʰn̥dʰ-néh₂-ti
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *bʰadʰnáHti
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *badʰnáHti
    - Sanskrit: बध्नाति (badhnā́ti)
      - Assamese: বান্ধা (bandha)

*bʰondʰ-eh₂
- Latin: funda (see there for further descendants)

*bʰondʰ-i-s
- Proto-Germanic: *bandiz (see there for further descendants)

*bʰn̥dʰ-tó-s (“bound, tied”)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *bʰadᶻdʰás (see there for further descendants)

*bʰn̥dʰ-tú-s (“bond, agreement, custom”)
- Proto-Celtic: *banssus (see there for further descendants)

*bʰn̥dʰ-ó-m
- Proto-Germanic: *bundą (“bundle”) (see there for further descendants)

*bʰn̥dʰ-yó-m
- Proto-Germanic: *bundiją
  - Proto-West Germanic: *bundī
    - Frankish: *bunni
      - ⇒ Frankish: *obbunni
        → Late Latin: abbonis, obbonis (“ribbon of a headdress”)
        →? Basque:
        → Spanish: boina (“beret”)
      - → Old French: bonet
        Middle French: bonet
        → Catalan: bonet (“(a historical type of) biretta; spindle fruit”)
        
        → Middle English: bonet
        English: bonnet
        → Scottish Gaelic: bonaid
        
        → Piedmontese: bonet (“bonnet, cap; rounded cake mold; bonet, a traditional pudding”)
        → Italian: bonet (“bonet”)
        
        →? Spanish: bonete (“biretta; cone hat”)
        
        French: bonnet
        → Portuguese: boné
        → Spanish: bonete
        → Turkish: bone
        
        Jersey Norman: bannète

Unsorted formations
- Armenian
  - Old Armenian: պինդ (pind) (or borrowed from Iranian)
    - Armenian: պինդ (pind)
  - >? Old Armenian: պապանձիմ (papanjim)
    - Armenian: պապանձվել (papanjvel), պապանձել (papanjel)
- Balto-Slavic
  - Lithuanian: beñdras
  - Polish: więź
  - Polish: pęta
- Proto-Celtic:
  - Old Irish: buinne
    - Irish: buinne
- Hellenic
  - Ancient Greek: πεῖσμα (peîsma) (for *πένθσμα (*pénthsma))
  - Ancient Greek: πενθερός (pentherós)
    - Greek: πεθερός (petherós)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *bʰándʰanam
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *bándʰanam
    - Sanskrit: बन्धन (bandhana)
      - Hindi: बन्धन (bandhan)
        → English: bandana (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *bʰandʰas
  - Proto-Iranian: *bandah
    - Avestan: 𐬠𐬀𐬥𐬛𐬀‎ m (banda)
    - Pashto: وندی‎ (wandai)
    - Western Iranian
      - Zazaki: bend
      - Old Persian: *𐎲𐎴𐎭 (*b-n-d /*bandaʰ/)
        Persian: بند‎ (band)
        
        ⇒ Old Persian: 𐎲𐎠𐎭𐎲𐎴𐎭 (b-a-d-b-n-d /bādubandaʰ/)
        Middle Persian: [Term?] (/bāhuβand/)
        → Old Armenian: բահուանդ (bahuand)
    - ⇒ Central Kurdish: بەستن‎ (bestin)
    - ⇒ Persian: بستن‎ (bastan)
    - → Georgian: ბანდი (bandi)
    - → Old Armenian: բանտ (bant), բանդ (band)
      - Armenian: բանտ (bant)
    - →⇒ Old Armenian: -աւանդ (-awand)
    - →⇒ Old Armenian: -աւանդակ (-awandak)
    - →⇒ Old Armenian: մեհեւանդ (mehewand)
    - →⇒ Old Armenian: կարաւանդք (karawandkʿ)
    - →⇒ Old Armenian: պախճաւանդ (paxčawand)
    - →⇒ Old Armenian: պարաւանդ (parawand)
    - →⇒ Old Armenian: դանդանաւանդ (dandanawand)
    - →⇒ Old Armenian: շարաւանդ (šarawand)
    - → Proto-Permic: *bɔn
      - Komi:
        Komi-Permyak: бон (bon)
        
        Komi-Zyrian: бон (bon)
      - Udmurt: бун (bun)
- Italic:
  - Latin: *fendīx
    - ⇒ Latin: offendīx

Descendants

Sanskrit: बन्ध् (bandh)

References

Ringe, Donald (2006) From Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Germanic (A Linguistic History of English; 1)‎, Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN
Kroonen, Guus (2013) Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN

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[Ringe_2006-1] Ringe, Donald (2006) From Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Germanic (A Linguistic History of English; 1)‎, Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN

[2] Kroonen, Guus (2013) Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN