< Reconstruction:Proto-Japonic

Reconstruction:Proto-Japonic/kara

This Proto-Japonic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Japonic

Noun

*kara

  1. lineage, origin[1]
  2. course, way[2]

Descendants

In all of its descendants, the term has also evolved into an ablative marker meaning "from".

  • Old Japanese: 柄 (kara, “lineage, origin”), から (kara)
  • Proto-Ryukyuan: *kara
    • Northern Ryukyuan:
      • Kikai: はら (hara)
      • Kunigami: ちゃら (chara)
      • Northern Amami-Oshima: か゚ら (xara)
      • Okinawan: から (kara)
      • Oki-No-Erabu: はら (hara)
      • Toku-No-Shima: か゚ら (xara)
      • Yoron: はら (hara)
    • Southern Ryukyuan:

Adjective

*kara

  1. sharp of flavor
    1. salty
    2. spicy
    3. strong (of alcohol)
  2. harsh

Descendants
  • Old Japanese: 辛, 苛, 鹹 (kara), 醇 (karaki, Nihon Shoki, 720 CE)
  • Proto-Ryukyuan: *kara
    • Northern Ryukyuan:
      • Northern Amami-Oshima: 辛さり, 苛さり, 鹹さり (kharasari)
      • Okinawan: 辛さん, 苛さん, 鹹さん (karasan)
      • Toku-No-Shima: 辛はん, 苛はん, 鹹はん (karaahan)
      • Yoron: 辛さん, 苛さん, 鹹さん (harasan)
    • Southern Ryukyuan:
      • Miyako: 辛, 苛, 鹹 (kara)
      • Yaeyama: 辛さん, 苛さん, 鹹さん (karasan)
      • Yonaguni: 辛ん, 苛ん, 鹹ん (karan)

References
  1. 1988, 国語大辞典（新装版） (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan
  2. Bjarke Frellesvig ((Can we date this quote?)) “Old Japanese Particles”, in (please provide the title of the work)‎
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