鹹

See also: 醎 and 咸
鹹 U+9E79, 鹹
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9E79
← 鹸
[U+9E78]
CJK Unified Ideographs 鹺 →
[U+9E7A]

Translingual

Han character

鹹 (Kangxi radical 197, 鹵+9, 20 strokes, cangjie input 卜田戈竹口 (YWIHR), four-corner 23650, composition ⿰鹵咸)

  • 咸 – simplified to an existing character.

See also

References

  • KangXi: page 1507, character 20
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 47553
  • Dae Jaweon: page 2035, character 22
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 7, page 4610, character 19
  • Unihan data for U+9E79

Chinese

trad. 鹹
simp. 咸*
alternative forms 醎

Glyph origin

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *ɡrɯːm) : semantic 鹵 (“salt”) + phonetic 咸 (OC *ɡrɯːm).

Etymology

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *hjam (“salty”) or *g-rjum (“salt”); compare Chepang ल्‍हाम्‌सा (hlam‑, “salty (not excessively)”), Jingpho jum (“salt”) (STEDT).

Pronunciation


Note:
  • gèng - vernacular;
  • hàng - literary.
Note:
  • kiâm - vernacular;
  • hâm - literary.
Note:
  • 3hhe - vernacular;
  • 3hhi - literary.

  • Dialectal data
Variety Location 鹹
Mandarin Beijing /ɕian³⁵/
Harbin /ɕian²⁴/
Tianjin /ɕian⁴⁵/
Jinan /ɕiã⁴²/
Qingdao /ɕiã⁴²/
Zhengzhou /ɕian⁴²/
Xi'an /ɕiã²⁴/ ~陽
/xã²⁴/ ~菜
Xining /ɕiã²⁴/
Yinchuan /ɕian⁵³/
Lanzhou /ɕiɛ̃n⁵³/
/xɛ̃n⁵³/
Ürümqi /ɕian⁵¹/
/xan⁵¹/
Wuhan /ɕiɛn²¹³/
Chengdu /xan³¹/
Guiyang /ɕian²¹/
Kunming /ɕiɛ̃³¹/
Nanjing /ɕien²⁴/
Hefei /ɕiĩ⁵⁵/
Jin Taiyuan /ɕie¹¹/
Pingyao /ɕiɑŋ¹³/ ~阳
/xɑŋ¹³/ ~菜
Hohhot /ɕie³¹/
Wu Shanghai /ɦe²³/
Suzhou /ɦiɪ¹³/
Hangzhou /ɦiẽ̞²¹³/
Wenzhou /ɦa³¹/
Hui Shexian /ɕie⁴⁴/
/xɛ⁴⁴/ ~鹽
Tunxi /xɔ⁴⁴/
Xiang Changsha /xan¹³/ ~魚
Xiangtan /ɦan¹²/
Gan Nanchang /han²⁴/
Hakka Meixian /ham¹¹/
Taoyuan /hɑm¹¹/
Cantonese Guangzhou /ham²¹/
Nanning /ham²¹/
Hong Kong /ham²¹/
Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /ham³⁵/
/kiam³⁵/
Fuzhou (Min Dong) /kɛiŋ⁵³/
Jian'ou (Min Bei) /aŋ²¹/
Shantou (Min Nan) /ham⁵⁵/
/kiam⁵⁵/
Haikou (Min Nan) /ham³¹/

Rime
Character 鹹
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 匣 (33)
Final (韻) 咸 (151)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) II
Fanqie 胡讒切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/ɦˠɛm/
Pan
Wuyun
/ɦᵚæm/
Shao
Rongfen
/ɣɐm/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/ɦəɨm/
Li
Rong
/ɣɐm/
Wang
Li
/ɣɐm/
Bernard
Karlgren
/ɣăm/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
xián
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
haam4
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 鹹
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
xián
Middle
Chinese
‹ hɛm ›
Old
Chinese
/*Cə.[ɡ]ˁr[o]m/
English salty

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 鹹
Reading # 1/1
No. 13516
Phonetic
component
咸
Rime
group
侵
Rime
subdivision
1
Corresponding
MC rime
咸
Old
Chinese
/*ɡrɯːm/
Notes 鹹轉註字

Definitions

鹹

  1. salty; briny
    鹹菜/咸菜  ―  xiáncài  ―  salted vegetables
    湯太鹹了。/汤太咸了。  ―  Tāng tài xián le.  ―  The soup is too salty.
  2. (Min Nan) stingy; miserly
  3. (Min Nan) rice topping; viand
  4. (Cantonese) Short for 鹹濕/咸湿 (haam4 sap1, “erotic; pornographic”).
  5. (Yangjiang Cantonese) salt

Synonyms

Compounds

  • 八珍鹹粥/八珍咸粥
  • 半鹹水湖/半咸水湖
  • 托葷鹹食/托荤咸食
  • 舄鹹/舄咸
  • 說鹹道淡/说咸道淡
  • 酸鹹/酸咸
  • 酸鹹苦辣/酸咸苦辣
  • 鯹鹹/鯹咸
  • 鹵鹹/卤咸
  • 鹹丸子/咸丸子
  • 鹹味/咸味 (xiánwèi)
  • 鹹嘴淡舌/咸嘴淡舌
  • 鹹土/咸土
  • 鹹壤/咸壤
  • 鹹杬子/咸杬子
  • 鹹水/咸水 (xiánshuǐ)
  • 鹹水妹/咸水妹 (xiánshuǐmèi)
  • 鹹水湖/咸水湖 (xiánshuǐhú)
  • 鹹水魚/咸水鱼 (xiánshuǐyú)
  • 鹹汁/咸汁
  • 鹹池/咸池

Descendants

  • → Proto-Southwestern Tai: *ɡemᴬ

Japanese

Kanji

鹹

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

  1. salty

Readings

Compounds

Korean

Hanja

鹹 (eumhun 짤 함 (jjal ham))

  1. Hanja form? of 함 (“salty”).

鹹 (eumhun 다 함 (da ham))

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

鹹: Hán Nôm readings: hàm

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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