< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic

Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/-ьcь

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

From earlier *-ьkъ, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *-ikas, from Proto-Indo-European *-ikos.

Cognate with Lithuanian -ikas, -ikis in siuvikas, siuvikis (< siūti, siùvo), piovikas (“reaper”) (< piáuti, pióvė).[1]

Cognate with Lithuanian -ingas, Latvian -īgs, Proto-Germanic *-igaz, Latin -icus, Ancient Greek -ικός (-ikós). Typically, these suffixes fulfill adjectival function (similar to Proto-Slavic *-ьnъ), however, sometimes their derivatives could also act as nominals like in Slavic.

Comparison with other languages points to the antiquity of denominal formations, which are most likely substantivized adjectives.[2]

Suffix

*-ьcь m

  1. (added to nouns) diminutive, small
    *rožьcь (“a small horn”) ⇐ *rogъ (“horn”)
    *obolčьcь (“a small cloud”) ⇐ *obolkъ (“cloud”)
    *gordьcь (“a small town”) ⇐ *gordъ (“city, town”)
  2. (added to adjectives) nominalizer, person
    *starьcь (“an old man”) ⇐ *starъ (“old,”)
    *mǫdrьcь (“a wise man”) ⇐ *mǫdrъ (“wise”)
    *bordatьcь (“a bearded man”) ⇐ *bordatъ (“bearded (having beard)”) ⇐ *borda (“beard”)
  3. (added to verbs) agent noun, doer
    Synonyms: *-teľь, *-čь, *-ьnikъ
    *šьvьcь (“sewer, seamster”) ⇐ *šiti (“to sew”)
    *plęsьcь (“dancer”) ⇐ *plęsati (“to dance”)
    *lovьcь (“hunter”) ⇐ *loviti (“to hunt”)
    *gǫdьcь (“musician”) ⇐ *gǫsti (“to play a string instrument”) ← *gǫdti

Declension
Declension of *-ьcь (soft o-stem)
Singular Dual Plural
Nominative *-ьcь *-ьca *-ьci
Accusative *-ьcь *-ьca *-ьcę̇
Genitive *-ьca *-ьcu *-ьcь
Locative *-ьci *-ьcu *-ьcixъ
Dative *-ьcu *-ьcema *-ьcemъ
Instrumental *-ьcьmь, *-ьcemь* *-ьcema *-ьci
Vocative *-ьče *-ьca *-ьci
* -ьmь in North Slavic, -emь in South Slavic.

See also

Derived terms
Proto-Slavic terms suffixed with *-ьcь

Descendants
  • East Slavic:
    • Old East Slavic: -ьць (-ĭcĭ)
  • South Slavic:
  • West Slavic:

Further reading
  • Šekli, Matej (2012), “Besedotvorni pomeni samostalniških izpeljank v praslovanščini”, in Philological Studies‎ (in Slovene), volume 10, issue 1, Skopje, Perm, Ljubljana, Zagreb, pages 115–32
  • Halla-aho, Jussi (2006) Problems of Proto-Slavic Historical Nominal Morphology: On the Basis of Old Church Slavic (Slavica Helsingiensia; 26), Helsinki: University of Helsinki, page 70f

References
  1. Otrębski, Jan (1964), “Славяно-балтийское языковое единство. II. Морфологические явления”, in Вопросы языкознания, issue 6, Москва: Издательство Академии наук СССР, page 28
  2. Brugmann, Karl. (1916) Grundriss der vergleichenden Grammatik der indogermanischen Sprachen: II. Lehre von den Wortformen und ihrem Gebrauch, 1. Allgemeines, Zusammensetzung (Komposita), Nominalstämme. Strassburg., pp. 487–491
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