Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/-dlo

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *-tlom / *-dʰlom.

Suffix

*-dlo n

Forms nouns denoting a tool or instrument.
*oràti (“to plow”) → *òrdlo (“plow”)

*česàti (“to comb”) → *česadlo (“comb”)

*pьsàti (“to write”) → *pisadlo (“pencil”)

*mě̀riti (“to measure”) → *měridlo (“scales”)

*kadìti (“to smoke”) → *kadìdlo (“incense”)

*žerti (“to eat”) → *gъ̀rdlo (“throat”)

*mỳti (“to wash”) → *mỳdlo (“soap”)

*šìti (“to sew”) → *šidlo (“awl”)

Declension

Declension of *-dlo (hard o-stem)

	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	*-dlo	*-dlě	*-dla
Accusative	*-dlo	*-dlě	*-dla
Genitive	*-dla	*-dlu	*-dlъ
Locative	*-dlě	*-dlu	*-dlěxъ
Dative	*-dlu	*-dloma	*-dlomъ
Instrumental	-dlъmь, -dlomь^*	*-dloma	*-dly
Vocative	*-dlo	*-dlě	*-dla

^* -ъmь in North Slavic, -omь in South Slavic.

Related terms

*-slo

Derived terms

Proto-Slavic terms suffixed with *-dlo

Descendants

Note the loss of d from -dlo in South and East Slavic languages but its presentation in West Slavic ones.

East Slavic:
- Old East Slavic: -ло (-lo)
  - Belarusian: -ла (-la) (unstressed), -ло (-lo) (stressed)
  - Russian: -ло (-lo)
  - Ukrainian: -ло (-lo)
- Old Novgorodian: -гло (-glo)
South Slavic:
- Old Church Slavonic:
  Cyrillic: -ло (-lo)
  
  Glagolitic: -ⰾⱁ (-lo)
- Bulgarian: -ло (-lo)
- Macedonian: -ло (-lo)
- Serbo-Croatian:
  Cyrillic: -ло
  
  Latin: -lo
- Slovene: -lo
West Slavic:
- Czech: -dlo
- Polabian: -dlü
- Old Polish: -dło
  - Polish: -dło
- Slovak: -dlo
- Slovincian: -dło
- Sorbian:
  - Lower Sorbian: -dło
  - Upper Sorbian: -dło

Non-Slavic languages:
- → Esperanto: -ilo
  - Ido: -ilo

References

Šekli, Matej (2012), “Besedotvorni pomeni samostalniških izpeljank v praslovanščini”, in Philological Studies‎ (in Slovene), volume 10, issue 1, Skopje, Perm, Ljubljana, Zagreb, pages 115–32

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