< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic
Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/-stъ
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This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Slavic
Etymology
Uncertain. May reflect:
- Fossilized 0-grade of the root Proto-Indo-European *steh₂- (“to stay, to stand”), effectively meaning in the state of X. Similar semantic development of the PIE root is found in Irish tá (“to be, to have been”) (present tense copula);
- From Proto-Indo-European *-st-o-, similar to Proto-Slavic *-skъ;
- From dissimilation of Proto-Indo-European *-tt-/*-d⁽ʰ⁾t- > Proto-Slavic *-st- or from Proto-Indo-European *-ḱt- > Proto-Slavic *-st-. Compare Proto-Slavic *tьstь (“father-in-law”).
Cognate with Lithuanian -stas, -štas (e.g. Lithuanian áukštas (“high”), karštas (“hot”)), Latvian -sts (e.g. Latvian mīksts (“soft”)). Perhaps related to the sta-present[1] in Baltic.
Suffix 1
*-stъ
Declension
Indefinite declension of *-stъ (hard)
| Singular | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | *-stъ | *-sta | *-sto |
| Accusative | *-stъ | *-stǫ | *-sto |
| Genitive | *-sta | *-sty | *-sta |
| Locative | *-stě | *-stě | *-stě |
| Dative | *-stu | *-stě | *-stu |
| Instrumental | *-stomь | *-stojǫ | *-stomь |
| Vocative | *-ste | *-sto | *-sto |
| Dual | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
| Nominative | *-sta | *-stě | *-stě |
| Accusative | *-sta | *-stě | *-stě |
| Genitive | *-stu | *-stu | *-stu |
| Locative | *-stu | *-stu | *-stu |
| Dative | *-stoma | *-stama | *-stoma |
| Instrumental | *-stoma | *-stama | *-stoma |
| Vocative | *-sta | *-stě | *-stě |
| Plural | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
| Nominative | *-sti | *-sty | *-sta |
| Accusative | *-sty | *-sty | *-sta |
| Genitive | *-stъ | *-stъ | *-stъ |
| Locative | *-stěxъ | *-staxъ | *-stěxъ |
| Dative | *-stomъ | *-stamъ | *-stomъ |
| Instrumental | *-sty | *-stami | *-sty |
| Vocative | *-sti | *-sty | *-sta |
Definite declension of *-stъ (hard)
| Singular | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | *-stъjь | *-staja | *-stoje |
| Accusative | *-stъjь | *-stǫjǫ | *-stoje |
| Genitive | *-stajego | *-styję | *-stajego |
| Locative | *-stějemь | *-stěji | *-stějemь |
| Dative | *-stujemu | *-stěji | *-stujemu |
| Instrumental | *-styjimi | *-stǫjǫ | *-styjimi |
| Vocative | *-stъjь | *-staja | *-stoje |
| Dual | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
| Nominative | *-staja | *-stěji | *-stěji |
| Accusative | *-staja | *-stěji | *-stěji |
| Genitive | *-stuju | *-stuju | *-stuju |
| Locative | *-stuju | *-stuju | *-stuju |
| Dative | *-styjima | *-styjima | *-styjima |
| Instrumental | *-styjima | *-styjima | *-styjima |
| Vocative | *-staja | *-stěji | *-stěji |
| Plural | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
| Nominative | *-stiji | *-styję | *-staja |
| Accusative | *-styję | *-styję | *-staja |
| Genitive | *-stъjixъ | *-stъjixъ | *-stъjixъ |
| Locative | *-styjixъ | *-styjixъ | *-styjixъ |
| Dative | *-styjimъ | *-styjimъ | *-styjimъ |
| Instrumental | *-styjimi | *-styjimi | *-styjimi |
| Vocative | *-stiji | *-styję | *-staja |
Suffix 2
*-stъ m
Declension
Declension of *-stъ (hard o-stem)
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | *-stъ | *-sta | *-sti |
| Accusative | *-stъ | *-sta | *-sty |
| Genitive | *-sta | *-stu | *-stъ |
| Locative | *-stě | *-stu | *-stěxъ |
| Dative | *-stu | *-stoma | *-stomъ |
| Instrumental | *-stъmь, *-stomь* | *-stoma | *-sty |
| Vocative | *-ste | *-sta | *-sti |
* -ъmь in North Slavic, -omь in South Slavic.
Derived terms
Proto-Slavic terms suffixed with *-stъ
References
- Villanueva Svensson, Miguel (2010), “Baltic sta-presents and the Indo-European desiderative”, in Indogermanische Forschungen 115, pages 204-233
- Derksen, Rick (2008), “*prostъ”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 421: “PIE *pro-sth₂o-”
- Derksen, Rick (2008), “*pьrstъ”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 428: “PIE *pr-sth₂-o-”
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