Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/cělovati

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

From *cělъ (“whole”) +‎ *-ati (u-stem). Compare Old Prussian kayle, Gothic 𐌷𐌰𐌹𐌻𐍃 (hails, “hail!”), Latin salūtō, salvē.

Verb

*cělovàti impf

to greet
to kiss

Conjugation

Conjugation of *cělovati, *cělova, *cělujetь (impf., -ova/u-, s-aorist, accent paradigm ?)

Verbal noun	Infinitive	Supine	L-participle
*cělovanьje	*cělovati	*cělovatъ	*cělovalъ

	Participles
Tense	Past	Present
Passive	*cělovanъ	*cělujemъ
Active	*cělovavъ	*cěluję

	Aorist			Present
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*cělovaxъ	*cělova	*cělova	*cělujǫ	*cěluješi	*cělujetь
Dual	*cělovaxově	*cělovasta	*cělovaste	*cělujevě	*cělujeta	*cělujete
Plural	*cělovaxomъ	*cělovaste	*cělovašę	*cělujemъ	*cělujete	*cělujǫtь
	Imperfect			Imperative
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*cělovaaxъ	*cělovaaše	*cělovaaše	—	*cěluji	*cěluji
Dual	*cělovaaxově	*cělovaašeta	*cělovaašete	*cělujivě	*cělujita	—
Plural	*cělovaaxomъ	*cělovaašete	*cělovaaxǫ	*cělujimъ	*cělujite	—

Related terms

Descendants

East Slavic:
- Old East Slavic: цѣловати (cělovati)
  - Belarusian: цалава́ць (calavácʹ)
  - Russian: целова́ть (celovátʹ)
  - Ukrainian: цілува́ти (ciluváty)
South Slavic:
- Old Church Slavonic: цѣловати (cělovati)
- Bulgarian: целу́вам (celúvam)
- Macedonian: целува (celuva)
- Serbo-Croatian: цели́вати
- Slovene: célovati
West Slavic:
- Old Czech: celovati
  - Czech: celovat
- Polish: całować
- Slovak: celovať

References

Derksen, Rick (2008), “*cělovati”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 74
Vasmer, Max (1964–1973), “целовать”, in Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), transl. and suppl. by Oleg Trubachyov, Moscow: Progress
Chernykh, P. Ja. (1993), “целовать”, in Историко-этимологический словарь русского языка [Historical-Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), volume 2 (панцирь – ящур), 3rd edition, Moscow: Russian Lang., →ISBN, page 364
Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1976), “*cělovati”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological Dictionary of Slavic Languages] (in Russian), issue 3 (*bratrьcь – *cьrky), Moscow: Nauka, page 179
Šanskij, N. M. (2004), “целовать”, in Školʹnyj etimologičeskij slovarʹ russkovo jazyka [School Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Drofa

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