Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/komarъ

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

Most likely from the onomatopoeic root Proto-Indo-European *komH- (“to hum”) + *-arъ. Brückner and Skok tentatively consider an original or-stem (perhaps Proto-Indo-European *komHṓr ~ *komHorés?) in view of archaic descendants with o-grade ending (e.g. Old Polish komor, komór).

Cognate with Lithuanian kamanė (“bumblebee”), Latvian kamene (“bumblebee”), Old Prussian camus (“bumblebee”) and akin via another root grade to Proto-Slavic *čьmeľь (“bumblebee”), Proto-Germanic *humelaz (“bumblebee”).

Noun

*komãrъ m[1][2]

mosquito
(regionally) gnat
Synonym: *mъšica / *mъšьka

Alternative forms

*komarь ~ *komařь

Declension

Declension of *komãrъ (hard o-stem, accent paradigm b)

	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	*komãrъ	*komārà	*komārì
Accusative	*komãrъ	*komārà	*komārỳ
Genitive	*komārà	*komārù	*komãrъ
Locative	*komārě̀	*komārù	*komãrěxъ
Dative	*komārù	*komāròma	*komāròmъ
Instrumental	komārъ̀mь, komāròmь^*	*komāròma	*komãry
Vocative	*komare	*komārà	*komārì

^* -ъmь in North Slavic, -omь in South Slavic.

Derived terms

*komarьcь (diminutive)
*komarьnъ, *komarovъ/*komařevъ (adjectives)

Descendants

East Slavic:
- Old East Slavic: комаръ (komarŭ)
  - Belarusian: кама́р (kamár)
  - Russian: кома́р (komár), кома́ръ (komár)
    - → Yakut: кумаар (kumaar)
      - Dolgan: кумаар (kumaar)
    - → Yiddish: קאָמאַר‎ (komar)
  - Ukrainian: кома́р (komár)
    - → Polish: komar
- Old East Slavic: *комарь (*komarĭ)
  - Russian: кома́рь (komárʹ) (dialectal)
  - Ukrainian: кома́рь (komárʹ) (dialectal)
South Slavic:
- Old Church Slavonic: комаръ (komarŭ), комарь (komarĭ)
- Bulgarian: кома́р (komár)
- Macedonian: комар (komar)
- Serbo-Croatian: (dated)
  Cyrillic script: ко̀ма̄р
  
  Latin script: kòmār
- Slovene: komár (tonal orthography)
West Slavic:
- Czech: komár
- Old Polish: komor (cf. e.g. Komorów, Komorowski)
  - Polish: chomor (dialectal)
- Slovak: komár
- Sorbian:
  - Lower Sorbian: komar
  - Upper Sorbian: komor

References

Olander, Thomas (2001), “komarъ”, in Common Slavic accentological word list, Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “b myg (PR 134)”
Snoj, Marko (2016), “komár”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar³ (in Slovene), https://fran.si: “*komarъ̏”

Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1983), “*komarъ/*komarь”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological Dictionary of Slavic Languages] (in Russian), issue 10 (*klepačь – *konь), Moscow: Nauka, page 169
Vasmer, Max (1964–1973), “комар”, in Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), transl. and suppl. by Oleg Trubachyov, Moscow: Progress
Melnychuk, O. S., editor (1985), “комар”, in Етимологічний словник української мови [Etymological Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language] (in Ukrainian), volume 2 (Д – Копці), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka, page 531
Georgiev V. I., editor (1979), “комар¹”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volume 2, Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, page 568

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[1] Olander, Thomas (2001), “komarъ”, in Common Slavic accentological word list, Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “b myg (PR 134)”

[2] Snoj, Marko (2016), “komár”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar³ (in Slovene), https://fran.si: “*komarъ̏”