< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic

Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/kuda

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology 1

Action/resultant noun of *kuditi (“to prosecute, to accuse”) +‎ *-a, commonly prefixed with *pro. Unattested on its own (in natural speech).

Noun

*kùda f

  1. prosecution
  2. accusation, chiding
Declension
Declension of *kuda (hard a-stem)
Singular Dual Plural
Nominative *kuda *kudě *kudy
Accusative *kudǫ *kudě *kudy
Genitive *kudy *kudu *kudъ
Locative *kudě *kudu *kudasъ, *kudaxъ*
Dative *kudě *kudama *kudamъ
Instrumental *kudojǫ, *kudǫ** *kudama *kudami
Vocative *kudo *kudě *kudy
* -asъ is the expected Balto-Slavic form but is found only in some Old Czech documents; -axъ is found everywhere else and is formed by analogy with other locative plurals in -xъ.
** The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).
  • *čudo (“miracle”)
  • *počuda (“surprise, amazement”)
  • *čudovišče (“monster”)
  • *kudo (“sorcery”)
Derived terms
Descendants

See Proto-Slavic *prokuda

Etymology 2

Of uncertain origin, proposed to be related to Proto-Slavic *kupъ (“heap, pile”), Proto-Slavic *kuča (“stack”), effectively equivalent to *kuti (“to forge, to hew”) +‎ *-da. Alternatively, from semantic drift of *kuda (“exile, expulsion”). Georgiev suggests the line of logic "prosecution" → (derogatively) "mob" → "troupe, group of people".

Noun

*kuda f

  1. group of people, squad
    → (by specialization) troupe, fellowship
    Synonyms: *družina, *zadruga
  2. flock (of birds)
Declension
Declension of *kuda (hard a-stem)
Singular Dual Plural
Nominative *kuda *kudě *kudy
Accusative *kudǫ *kudě *kudy
Genitive *kudy *kudu *kudъ
Locative *kudě *kudu *kudasъ, *kudaxъ*
Dative *kudě *kudama *kudamъ
Instrumental *kudojǫ, *kudǫ** *kudama *kudami
Vocative *kudo *kudě *kudy
* -asъ is the expected Balto-Slavic form but is found only in some Old Czech documents; -axъ is found everywhere else and is formed by analogy with other locative plurals in -xъ.
** The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).
  • *kusti (“to patronize, to befriend”)
Descendants

Further reading
  • Georgiev Vl. I., editor (1986), “куда”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volume 3, Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, page 75
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