bera
Atong (India)
Etymology
From (This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
References
- van Breugel, Seino. 2015. Atong-English dictionary, second edition. Available online: https://www.academia.edu/487044/Atong_English_Dictionary.
Basque
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /beɾa/, [be̞.ɾa]
Determiner
bera
- the same
- Ikasle bera izan da leihoa apurtu duena. ― That same student has broken the window.
Usage notes
Declension
| bera | berori | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| singular | plural | singular | plural | |||
| absolutive | bera | berak | berori | beroriek | ||
| ergative | berak | berek | berorrek | |||
| dative | berari | berei | berorri | beroriei | ||
| genitive | beraren | beren, bere | berorren | berorien | ||
| comitative | berarekin | berekin | berorrekin | beroriekin | ||
| causative | berarengatik, beragatik | berengatik, beregatik | berorregatik, berorrengatik | beroriegatik, beroriengatik | ||
| benefactive | berarentzat, berarendako | berentzat, berendako | berorrentzat, berorrendako | berorientzat, beroriendako | ||
| instrumental | beraz | berez | berorretaz, berorrezaz | berorietaz, beroriezaz | ||
| inesive | animate | berarengan, beragan | berengan | berorrengan, berorren baitan | beroriengan, berorien baitan | |
| inanimate | berean | beretan | berorretan | berorietan | ||
| locative | animate | ― |
― |
― |
― | |
| inanimate | bereko | beretako | berorretako | berorietako | ||
| allative | animate | berarengana(t), beragana(t) | berengana, berenganat | berorrengana, berorrenganat | beroriengana, berorienganat | |
| inanimate | berera | beretara | berorretara, berorretarat | berorietara, berorietarat | ||
| terminative | animate | berarenganaino, beraganaino | berenganaino | berorrenganaino | berorienganaino | |
| inanimate | bereraino | beretaraino | berorretaraino | berorietaraino | ||
| directive | animate | berarenganantz, beraganantz | berenganantz | berorrenganantz | berorienganantz | |
| inanimate | bererantz | beretarantz | berorretarantz | berorietarantz | ||
| destinative | animate | berarenganako, beraganako | berenganako, bereganako | berorrenganako | berorienganako | |
| inanimate | bererako | beretarako | berorretarako | berorietarako | ||
| ablative | animate | berarengandik, beragandik | beregandik | berorrenganik, berorrengandik | berorienganik, beroriengandik | |
| inanimate | beretik | beretatik, beratarik | berorretatik, berorretarik | berorietatik, berorietarik | ||
Pronoun
bera
Usage notes
- Unlike the determiner, this term isn't used anaphorically. Rather, it is used as an emphatic version of hura (similar to the pair ni/neu).
- This term is declined differently depending on whether it's used as a determiner or a pronoun (unlike hau, hori and hura).
- When used in the second sense, both the noun and the pronoun are declined.
Declension
| bera | berori | eurak | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| singular | plural | singular | plural | distal | close | ||||
| absolutive | bera | beraiek | berori | beroriek | eurak | eurok | |||
| ergative | berak | berorrek | eurek | ||||||
| dative | berari | beraiei | berorri | beroriei | eurei | euroi | |||
| genitive | bere | beraien | berorren | berorien | euren | euron | |||
| comitative | berarekin | beraiekin | berorrekin | beroriekin | eurekin | eurokin | |||
| causative | beregatik | beraiengatik, beraiegatik | berorregatik, berorrengatik | beroriegatik, beroriengatik | eurengatik | eurongatik | |||
| benefactive | beretzat, beretako | beraientzat | berorrentzat, berorrendako | berorientzat, beroriendako | eurentzat | eurontzat | |||
| instrumental | beraz | beraiez | berorretaz, berorrezaz | berorietaz, beroriezaz | ― |
― | |||
| inesive | animate | berarengan, beragan | beraiengan | berorrengan, berorren baitan | beroriengan, berorien baitan | eurengan | eurongan | ||
| inanimate | bertan | beraietan | berorretan | berorietan | ― |
― | |||
| locative | animate | ― |
― |
― |
― |
― |
― | ||
| inanimate | bertako | beraietako | berorretako | berorietako | ― |
― | |||
| allative | animate | beregana | beraiengana, beraienganat | berorrengana, berorrenganat | beroriengana, berorienganat | eurengana | eurongana | ||
| inanimate | bertara | beraietara | berorretara, berorretarat | berorietara, berorietarat | ― |
― | |||
| terminative | animate | bereganaino | beraienganaino | berorrenganaino | berorienganaino | eurenganaino | euronganaino | ||
| inanimate | bertaraino | beraietaraino | berorretaraino | berorietaraino | ― |
― | |||
| directive | animate | bereganantz | beraienganantz | berorrenganantz | berorienganantz | eurenganantz | euronganantz | ||
| inanimate | bertarantz | beraietarantz | berorretarantz | berorietarantz | ― |
― | |||
| destinative | animate | bereganako | beraienganako | berorrenganako | berorienganako | eurenganako | euronganako | ||
| inanimate | bertarako | beraietarako | berorretarako | berorietarako | ― |
― | |||
| ablative | animate | beregandik, bereganik | berainengandik, beraienganik | berorrenganik, berorrengandik | berorienganik, beroriengandik | euregandik, eureganik | eurogandik, euroganik | ||
| inanimate | bertatik, bertarik | beraietatik, beraietarik | berorretatik, berorretarik | berorietatik, berorietarik | ― |
― | |||
Adjective
bera (comparative berago, superlative beren, excessive beregi)
Declension
| indefinite | singular | plural | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| absolutive | bera | bera | berak | |
| ergative | berak | berak | berek | |
| dative | berari | berari | berei | |
| genitive | beraren | beraren | beren | |
| comitative | berarekin | berarekin | berekin | |
| causative | berarengatik | berarengatik | berengatik | |
| benefactive | berarentzat | berarentzat | berentzat | |
| instrumental | beraz | beraz | berez | |
| inessive | anim. | berarengan | berarengan | berengan |
| inanim. | beratan | beran | beretan | |
| locative | anim. | — | — | — |
| inanim. | beratako | berako | beretako | |
| allative | anim. | berarengana | berarengana | berengana |
| inanim. | beratara | berara | beretara | |
| terminative | anim. | berarenganaino | berarenganaino | berenganaino |
| inanim. | berataraino | beraraino | beretaraino | |
| directive | anim. | berarenganantz | berarenganantz | berenganantz |
| inanim. | beratarantz | berarantz | beretarantz | |
| destinative | anim. | berarenganako | berarenganako | berenganako |
| inanim. | beratarako | berarako | beretarako | |
| ablative | anim. | berarengandik | berarengandik | berengandik |
| inanim. | beratatik | beratik | beretatik | |
| partitive | berarik | — | — | |
| prolative | beratzat | — | — | |
Czech
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ˈbɛra]
- Rhymes: -ɛra
- Hyphenation: be‧ra
Anagrams
Faroese
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈpeːɹa/
- Rhymes: -eːɹa
- Homophones: Bera
Etymology 1
From berur.
Declension
| Declension of bera | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| f1 | singular | plural | ||
| indefinite | definite | indefinite | definite | |
| nominative | bera | beran | berur | berurnar |
| accusative | beru | beruna | berur | berurnar |
| dative | beru | beruni | berum | berunum |
| genitive | beru | berunnar | bera | beranna |
Synonyms
Etymology 2
From Old Norse bera (“to bear”), from Proto-Germanic *beraną, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰer-.
Icelandic
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈpɛːra/
- Rhymes: -ɛːra
- Homophones: Bera
Etymology 1
From the Old Norse bera (“to bear”), from Proto-Germanic *beraną, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰer-.
Verb
bera (strong verb, third-person singular past indicative bar, third-person plural past indicative báru, supine borið)
- (governs the accusative) to carry, to bear
- (governs the accusative, of cows and sheep) to give birth
- (impersonal) denotes an obligation or duty to do something
- Article 1, Universal Declaration of Human Rights (Icelandic, English)
- Hver maður er borinn frjáls og jafn öðrum að virðingu og réttindum. Menn eru gæddir vitsmunum og samvizku, og ber þeim að breyta bróðurlega hverjum við annan.
- All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood.
- Hver maður er borinn frjáls og jafn öðrum að virðingu og réttindum. Menn eru gæddir vitsmunum og samvizku, og ber þeim að breyta bróðurlega hverjum við annan.
- Mér ber að fara í stríð.
- It is my duty to go to war.
- Article 1, Universal Declaration of Human Rights (Icelandic, English)
Conjugation
This verb needs an inflection-table template.
Synonyms
- (carry): halda á
- (give birth): ala
Derived terms
- aðalborinn
- bera á
- bera á borð
- bera á brýn
- bera af sér högg
- bera á móti
- bera árangur
- bera fram
- bera fram mat
- bera fyrir
- bera fyrir sig
- bera kápuna á báðum öxlum
- bera margt á milli
- bera merki
- bera með sér
- bera mikið á
- bera niður
- bera saman
- bera sig eftir
- bera sig til
- bera sig upp
- berast
- bera til
- bera undir
- bera upp tillögu
- bera út
- bera utan á sér
- bera við
- bera við himinn
- borinn
- borinn og barnfæddur (born and bred)
Etymology 2
From Old Norse bera, from Proto-Germanic *bazōną.
Conjugation
| infinitive (nafnháttur) |
að bera | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| supine (sagnbót) |
berað | ||||
| present participle (lýsingarháttur nútíðar) |
berandi | ||||
| indicative (framsöguháttur) |
subjunctive (viðtengingarháttur) | ||||
| present (nútíð) |
ég bera | við berum | present (nútíð) |
ég beri | við berum |
| þú berar | þið berið | þú berir | þið berið | ||
| hann, hún, það berar | þeir, þær, þau bera | hann, hún, það beri | þeir, þær, þau beri | ||
| past (þátíð) |
ég beraði | við beruðum | past (þátíð) |
ég beraði | við beruðum |
| þú beraðir | þið beruðuð | þú beraðir | þið beruðuð | ||
| hann, hún, það beraði | þeir, þær, þau beruðu | hann, hún, það beraði | þeir, þær, þau beruðu | ||
| imperative (boðháttur) |
bera (þú) | berið (þið) | |||
| Forms with appended personal pronoun | |||||
| beraðu | beriði * | ||||
| * Spoken form, usually not written; in writing, the unappended plural form (optionally followed by the full pronoun) is preferred. | |||||
| infinitive (nafnháttur) |
að berast | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| supine (sagnbót) |
berast | ||||
| present participle (lýsingarháttur nútíðar) |
berandist ** ** the mediopassive present participle is extremely rare and normally not used; it is never used attributively or predicatively, only for explicatory subclauses | ||||
| indicative (framsöguháttur) |
subjunctive (viðtengingarháttur) | ||||
| present (nútíð) |
ég berast | við berumst | present (nútíð) |
ég berist | við berumst |
| þú berast | þið berist | þú berist | þið berist | ||
| hann, hún, það berast | þeir, þær, þau berast | hann, hún, það berist | þeir, þær, þau berist | ||
| past (þátíð) |
ég beraðist | við beruðumst | past (þátíð) |
ég beraðist | við beruðumst |
| þú beraðist | þið beruðust | þú beraðist | þið beruðust | ||
| hann, hún, það beraðist | þeir, þær, þau beruðust | hann, hún, það beraðist | þeir, þær, þau beruðust | ||
| imperative (boðháttur) |
berast (þú) | berist (þið) | |||
| Forms with appended personal pronoun | |||||
| berastu | beristi * | ||||
| * Spoken form, usually not written; in writing, the unappended plural form (optionally followed by the full pronoun) is preferred. | |||||
| strong declension (sterk beyging) |
singular (eintala) | plural (fleirtala) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| masculine (karlkyn) |
feminine (kvenkyn) |
neuter (hvorugkyn) |
masculine (karlkyn) |
feminine (kvenkyn) |
neuter (hvorugkyn) | ||
| nominative (nefnifall) |
beraður | beruð | berað | beraðir | beraðar | beruð | |
| accusative (þolfall) |
beraðan | beraða | berað | beraða | beraðar | beruð | |
| dative (þágufall) |
beruðum | beraðri | beruðu | beruðum | beruðum | beruðum | |
| genitive (eignarfall) |
beraðs | beraðrar | beraðs | beraðra | beraðra | beraðra | |
| weak declension (veik beyging) |
singular (eintala) | plural (fleirtala) | |||||
| masculine (karlkyn) |
feminine (kvenkyn) |
neuter (hvorugkyn) |
masculine (karlkyn) |
feminine (kvenkyn) |
neuter (hvorugkyn) | ||
| nominative (nefnifall) |
beraði | beraða | beraða | beruðu | beruðu | beruðu | |
| accusative (þolfall) |
beraða | beruðu | beraða | beruðu | beruðu | beruðu | |
| dative (þágufall) |
beraða | beruðu | beraða | beruðu | beruðu | beruðu | |
| genitive (eignarfall) |
beraða | beruðu | beraða | beruðu | beruðu | beruðu | |
Kelabit
Etymology
From Proto-North Sarawak [Term?], from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *bəʀas, from Proto-Austronesian *bəʀas.
Latin
Adjective
bēra
- inflection of bērus:
- nominative/vocative feminine singular
- nominative/accusative/vocative neuter plural
References
- “bera”, in Geir T. Zoëga (1910) A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- bera in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
- “bera”, in William Smith, editor (1854, 1857) A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography, volume 1 & 2, London: Walton and Maberly
Maltese
| Root |
|---|
| b-r-j |
| 1 term |
Etymology
Probably from Sicilian brillari.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈbɛ.ra/
Conjugation
This verb needs an inflection-table template.
Norwegian Nynorsk
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /²beːrɑ/
Verb
bera (present tense ber, past tense bar, supine bore, past participle boren, present participle berande, imperative ber)
References
- “bere” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.
Old English
Etymology
From Proto-Germanic *berô (“bear”). Cognate with Old Frisian *bera, Old Saxon bero, Old Dutch *bero, Old High German bero. The oblique stem *bern- gave Old Norse bjǫrn.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈbe.rɑ/
Declension
Old Irish
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈbʲera/
Alternative forms
Mutation
| Old Irish mutation | ||
|---|---|---|
| Radical | Lenition | Nasalization |
| bera | bera pronounced with /v(ʲ)-/ |
mbera |
| Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. | ||
Old Norse
Etymology 1
From Proto-Germanic *beraną, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰéreti (*bʰer- being the root). Compare Old English beran, Old Saxon beran, Old High German beran, Gothic 𐌱𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌰𐌽 (bairan).
Conjugation
| infinitive | bera | |
|---|---|---|
| present participle | berandi | |
| past participle | borinn | |
| indicative | present | past |
| 1st-person singular | ber | bar |
| 2nd-person singular | berr | bart |
| 3rd-person singular | berr | bar |
| 1st-person plural | berum | bárum |
| 2nd-person plural | berið | báruð |
| 3rd-person plural | bera | báru |
| subjunctive | present | past |
| 1st-person singular | bera | bæra |
| 2nd-person singular | berir | bærir |
| 3rd-person singular | beri | bæri |
| 1st-person plural | berim | bærim |
| 2nd-person plural | berið | bærið |
| 3rd-person plural | beri | bæri |
| imperative | present | |
| 2nd-person singular | ber | |
| 1st-person plural | berum | |
| 2nd-person plural | berið | |
| infinitive | berask | |
|---|---|---|
| present participle | berandisk | |
| past participle | borizk | |
| indicative | present | past |
| 1st-person singular | berumk | bárumk |
| 2nd-person singular | bersk | barzk |
| 3rd-person singular | bersk | barsk |
| 1st-person plural | berumsk | bárumsk |
| 2nd-person plural | berizk | báruzk |
| 3rd-person plural | berask | bárusk |
| subjunctive | present | past |
| 1st-person singular | berumk | bærumk |
| 2nd-person singular | berisk | bærisk |
| 3rd-person singular | berisk | bærisk |
| 1st-person plural | berimsk | bærimsk |
| 2nd-person plural | berizk | bærizk |
| 3rd-person plural | berisk | bærisk |
| imperative | present | |
| 2nd-person singular | bersk | |
| 1st-person plural | berumsk | |
| 2nd-person plural | berizk | |
Descendants
Etymology 2
From Proto-Germanic *bazōną.
Conjugation
| infinitive | bera | |
|---|---|---|
| present participle | berandi | |
| past participle | beraðr | |
| indicative | present | past |
| 1st-person singular | bera | beraða |
| 2nd-person singular | berar | beraðir |
| 3rd-person singular | berar | beraði |
| 1st-person plural | berum | beruðum |
| 2nd-person plural | berið | beruðuð |
| 3rd-person plural | bera | beruðu |
| subjunctive | present | past |
| 1st-person singular | bera | beraða |
| 2nd-person singular | berir | beraðir |
| 3rd-person singular | beri | beraði |
| 1st-person plural | berim | beraðim |
| 2nd-person plural | berið | beraðið |
| 3rd-person plural | beri | beraði |
| imperative | present | |
| 2nd-person singular | bera | |
| 1st-person plural | berum | |
| 2nd-person plural | berið | |
| infinitive | berask | |
|---|---|---|
| present participle | berandisk | |
| past participle | berazk | |
| indicative | present | past |
| 1st-person singular | berumk | beruðumk |
| 2nd-person singular | berask | beraðisk |
| 3rd-person singular | berask | beraðisk |
| 1st-person plural | berumsk | beruðumsk |
| 2nd-person plural | berizk | beruðuzk |
| 3rd-person plural | berask | beruðusk |
| subjunctive | present | past |
| 1st-person singular | berumk | beruðumk |
| 2nd-person singular | berisk | beraðisk |
| 3rd-person singular | berisk | beraðisk |
| 1st-person plural | berimsk | beraðimsk |
| 2nd-person plural | berizk | beraðizk |
| 3rd-person plural | berisk | beraðisk |
| imperative | present | |
| 2nd-person singular | berask | |
| 1st-person plural | berumsk | |
| 2nd-person plural | berizk | |
Descendants
- Norwegian Nynorsk: berre
Etymology 3
Somehow derived from Proto-Germanic *berô, whence also bjǫrn.
Declension
Descendants
- Norwegian Nynorsk: bere f
Adjective
bera
- inflection of berr:
- positive degree strong feminine accusative singular
- positive degree strong masculine accusative plural
- positive degree weak masculine oblique singular
- positive degree weak feminine nominative singular
- positive degree weak neuter singular
References
- “bera1”, in Geir T. Zoëga (1910) A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “bera2”, in Geir T. Zoëga (1910) A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “bera3”, in Geir T. Zoëga (1910) A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- bera in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
- “bera”, in William Smith, editor (1854, 1857) A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography, volume 1 & 2, London: Walton and Maberly
Polish
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈbɛ.ra/
- Rhymes: -ɛra
- Syllabification: be‧ra
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