glan

See also: Glan and glân

Breton

Etymology

From Proto-Brythonic *glan, from Proto-Celtic *glanos (“clean, clear”).

Adjective

glan

  1. pure

Mutation
  Mutation of glan  
Breton consonant mutation
unmutatedsoftaspiratehardmixed
glan c'hlan unchanged klan c'hlan

Irish

Pronunciation
  • (Munster) IPA(key): /ɡl̪ˠɑːn̪ˠ/[1] (as if spelled glán)
  • (Connacht, Ulster) IPA(key): /ɡlˠanˠ/, /ɡl̪ˠan̪ˠ/

Etymology 1

From Old Irish glan, from Proto-Celtic *glanos (“clean, clear”).

Adjective

glan (genitive singular masculine glain, genitive singular feminine glaine, plural glana, comparative glaine)

  1. clean
  2. clear
Declension
Declension of glan
Singular Plural (m/f)
Positive Masculine Feminine (strong noun) (weak noun)
Nominative glan ghlan glana;
ghlana²
Vocative ghlain glana
Genitive glaine glana glan
Dative glan;
ghlan¹		 ghlan;
ghlain (archaic)		 glana;
ghlana²
Comparative níos glaine
Superlative is glaine

¹ When the preceding noun is lenited and governed by the definite article.
² When the preceding noun ends in a slender consonant.

Archaic declension
Declension of glan
Singular Plural (m/f)
Positive Masculine Feminine (strong noun) (weak noun)
Nominative glan ghlan glana;
ghlana²
Vocative ghloin glana
Genitive gloine glana glan
Dative glan;
ghlan¹		 ghlan;
ghloin (archaic)		 glana;
ghlana²
Comparative níos gloine
Superlative is gloine

¹ When the preceding noun is lenited and governed by the definite article.
² When the preceding noun ends in a slender consonant.

Derived terms

Etymology 2

From Old Irish glanaid (“cleanses, purifies, purges”), from the adjective.

Verb

glan (present analytic glanann, future analytic glanfaidh, verbal noun glanadh, past participle glanta)

  1. clean
Conjugation
First Conjugation (A)
singular plural relative autonomous
first second third first second third
indicative present glanaim glanann tú;
glanair†		 glanann sé, sí glanaimid glanann sibh glanann siad;
glanaid†		 a ghlanann; a ghlanas /
a nglanann*; a nglanas*		 glantar
past ghlan mé; ghlanas ghlan tú; ghlanais ghlan sé, sí ghlanamar; ghlan muid ghlan sibh; ghlanabhair ghlan siad; ghlanadar a ghlan /
ar ghlan*		 glanadh
past habitual ghlanainn / nglanainn‡‡ ghlantá / nglantᇇ ghlanadh sé, sí / nglanadh sé, s퇇 ghlanaimis; ghlanadh muid / nglanaimis‡‡; nglanadh muid‡‡ ghlanadh sibh / nglanadh sibh‡‡ ghlanaidís; ghlanadh siad / nglanaidís‡‡; nglanadh siad‡‡ a ghlanadh /
a nglanadh*		 ghlantaí / nglanta퇇
future glanfaidh mé;
glanfad		 glanfaidh tú;
glanfair†		 glanfaidh sé, sí glanfaimid;
glanfaidh muid		 glanfaidh sibh glanfaidh siad;
glanfaid†		 a ghlanfaidh; a ghlanfas /
a nglanfaidh*; a nglanfas*		 glanfar
conditional ghlanfainn / nglanfainn‡‡ ghlanfá / nglanfᇇ ghlanfadh sé, sí / nglanfadh sé, s퇇 ghlanfaimis; ghlanfadh muid / nglanfaimis‡‡; nglanfadh muid‡‡ ghlanfadh sibh / nglanfadh sibh‡‡ ghlanfaidís; ghlanfadh siad / nglanfaidís‡‡; nglanfadh siad‡‡ a ghlanfadh /
a nglanfadh*		 ghlanfaí / nglanfa퇇
subjunctive present go nglana mé;
go nglanad†		 go nglana tú;
go nglanair†		 go nglana sé, sí go nglanaimid;
go nglana muid		 go nglana sibh go nglana siad;
go nglanaid†		 — go nglantar
past dá nglanainn dá nglantá dá nglanadh sé, sí dá nglanaimis;
dá nglanadh muid		 dá nglanadh sibh dá nglanaidís;
dá nglanadh siad		 — dá nglantaí
imperative glanaim glan glanadh sé, sí glanaimis glanaigí;
glanaidh†		 glanaidís — glantar
verbal noun glanadh
past participle glanta

* Indirect relative
† Archaic or dialect form
‡‡ Dependent form used with particles that trigger eclipsis

Derived terms
  • folúsghlan (“vacuum clean”, verb)
  • glantóir m (“cleaner”)
  • tirimghlan (“dry clean”, verb)

Mutation
Irish mutation
Radical Lenition Eclipsis
glan ghlan nglan
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

Further reading

References
  1. Sjoestedt, M. L. (1931) Phonétique d’un parler irlandais de Kerry (in French), Paris: Librairie Ernest Leroux, page 42

Old Irish

Etymology

From Proto-Celtic *glanos.

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /ɡlan/

Adjective

glan

  1. clean
  2. pure
  3. clear

Inflection
o/ā-stem
Singular Masculine Feminine Neuter
Nominative glan glan glan
Vocative glain*
glan**
Accusative glan glain
Genitive glain glaine glain
Dative glan glain glan
Plural Masculine Feminine/neuter
Nominative glain glana
Vocative glanu
glana†
Accusative glanu
glana†
Genitive glan
Dative glanaib
Notes *modifying a noun whose vocative is different from its nominative

**modifying a noun whose vocative is identical to its nominative
† not when substantivized

Derived terms

Descendants
  • Irish: glan
  • Scottish Gaelic: glan

Verb

·glan

  1. third-person singular preterite conjunct of glanaid

glan

  1. second-person singular imperative of glanaid

Mutation
Old Irish mutation
RadicalLenitionNasalization
glan glan
pronounced with /ɣ(ʲ)-/		 nglan
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every
possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

Further reading

Old Polish

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *glěnь.

Noun

glan m

  1. dirt, filth

Descendants

Further reading

Polish

Etymology

From glanc with a semantic shift of shine to boots polished to a shine to bovver boot.[1]

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /ɡlan/
  • Audio(file)
  • Rhymes: -an
  • Syllabification: glan

Noun

glan m inan

  1. bovver boot

Declension
Declension of glan
singular plural
nominative glan glany
genitive glana glanów
dative glanowi glanom
accusative glan glany
instrumental glanem glanami
locative glanie glanach
vocative glanie glany

References
  1. Adam Fałowski (2022) Słownik etymologiczny polszczyzny potocznej, Warszawa: Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN, →ISBN

Further reading
  • glan in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
  • glan in Polish dictionaries at PWN

Scottish Gaelic

Etymology 1

From Old Irish glan, from Proto-Celtic *glanos (“clean, clear”).

Adjective

glan (comparative glaine)

  1. clean
  2. pure
  3. fine, grand, sheer

Etymology 2

From Old Irish glanaid (“cleanses, purifies, purges”), from glan.

Verb

glan (past ghlan, future glanaidh, verbal noun glanadh, past participle glante)

  1. clean, purify
  2. purge, refine
  3. weed

Welsh

Etymology

From Middle Welsh glann, from Proto-Brythonic *glann, from Proto-Celtic *glannos; see *glendos.

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /ɡlan/

Noun

glan f (plural glannau or glennydd)

  1. bank, shore

Derived terms

Mutation
Welsh mutation
radicalsoftnasalaspirate
glan lan nglan unchanged
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

Further reading
  • R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “glan”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies
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