mesti

See also: mestî, mēšti, and мести

Indonesian

Etymology

From Malay mesti (cognate of Javanese ꦩꦼꦱ꧀ꦛꦶ (mesthi)), probably from Old Javanese muṣṭi, from Sanskrit मुष्टि (muṣṭi, “fist, clenched hand”).

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): [məsˈti]
  • Hyphenation: mês‧ti

Adverb

mêsti

  1. must
    Synonym: harus
  2. sure
    Synonyms: pasti, tentu

Alternative forms

Derived terms
  • kemestian
  • memestikan
  • semestinya

Further reading

Italian

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /ˈmɛ.sti/
  • Rhymes: -ɛsti
  • Hyphenation: mè‧sti

Adjective

mesti

  1. masculine plural of mesto

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /ˈme.sti/, /ˈmɛ.sti/
  • Rhymes: -esti, -ɛsti
  • Hyphenation: mé‧sti, mè‧sti

Verb

mesti

  1. inflection of mestare:
    1. second-person singular present indicative
    2. first/second/third-person singular present subjunctive
    3. third-person singular imperative

Anagrams

Kabuverdianu

Etymology

From Portuguese mister.

Verb

mesti

  1. must
  2. to need

Lithuanian

Etymology 1

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *met-[1], according to Pokorny, from Proto-Indo-European *meh₁- (“to measure”).[2].

Cognate with Latvian mest[1], Polish mieść (“to throw; sweep”)[1][3] and Russian мести́ (mestí, “to sweep”)[1].

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): [ˈmʲɛsʲtʲɪ]

Verb

mèsti (third-person present tense mẽta, third-person past tense mẽtė)

  1. to throw[4]
  2. to drop
  3. to give up (a habit, such as smoking)
Conjugation
Conjugation of mesti
singular
(vienaskaita)		 plural
(daugiskaita)
1st person
(pirmasis asmuo)		 2nd person
(antrasis asmuo)		 3rd person
(trečiasis asmuo)		 1st person
(pirmasis asmuo)		 2nd person
(antrasis asmuo)		 3rd person
(trečiasis asmuo)
aš tu jis/ji mes jūs jie/jos
indicative
(tiesioginė
nuosaka)		 present
(esamasis laikas)		 metu meti meta metame,
metam		 metate,
metat		 meta
past
(būtasis kartinis
laikas)		 mečiau metei metė metėme,
metėm		 metėte,
metėt		 metė
past frequentative
(būtasis dažninis
laikas)		 mesdavau mesdavai mesdavo mesdavome,
mesdavom		 mesdavote,
mesdavot		 mesdavo
future
(būsimasis laikas)		 mesiu mesi mes mesime,
mesim		 mesite,
mesit		 mes
subjunctive
(tariamoji nuosaka)		 mesčiau mestum mestų mestumėme,
mestumėm,
mestume		 mestumėte,
mestumėt		 mestų
imperative
(liepiamoji nuosaka)		 — mesk,
meski		 temeta meskime,
meskim		 meskite,
meskit		 temeta
Participles of mesti
Adjectival (dalyviai)
active passive
present metąs, metantis metamas
past metęs mestas
past frequentative mesdavęs —
future mesiąs, mesiantis mesimas
participle of necessity — mestinas
Adverbial
special (pusdalyvis) mesdamas
half-participle
(padalyviai)		 present metant
past metus
past frequentative mesdavus
future mesiant
manner of action (būdinys) meste, mestinai
Synonyms
  • (to throw): blokšti, drėbti, sviesti; (iteratively) mėtyti
Derived terms
verbs derived from mesti

with prefixes:

  • įmesti
  • išmesti
  • numesti
nouns derived from mesti
  • (verbal noun) metìmas m
  • metė́jas m / metė́ja f
  • metìkas m / metìkė f

(nouns):

(verb):

  • mėtyti

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): [mʲɛsʲˈtʲɪ]

Participle

mestì m

  1. masculine plural nominative form of mestas.

References
  1. Derksen, Rick (2008) Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 308-309. →ISBN
  2. Pokorny, Julius (1959) Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 2, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 703-04
  3. Brückner, Aleksander (1927), “mieść”, in Słownik etymologiczny języka polskiego [Etymological Dictionary of the Polish Language] (in Polish), Warsaw: Wiedza Powszechna, page 335
  4. “mesti” in Martsinkyavitshute, Victoria (1993), Hippocrene Concise Dictionary: Lithuanian-English/English-Lithuanian. New York: Hippocrene Books. →ISBN

Anagrams

Malay

Pronunciation
  • Rhymes: -i

IPA(key): [məsti], [mesti]

Adverb

mesti (Jawi spelling مستي‎)

  1. must

Synonyms

Further reading

Serbo-Croatian

Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *mesti.

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /mêsti/
  • Hyphenation: me‧sti

Verb

mȅsti impf (Cyrillic spelling ме̏сти)

  1. (transitive, intransitive) to sweep

Conjugation
Conjugation of mesti
Infinitive: mesti Present verbal adverb: mètūći Past verbal adverb: — Verbal noun: mètēnje
Number Singular Plural
Person 1st 2nd 3rd 1st 2nd 3rd
Verbal forms ja ti on / ona / ono mi vi oni / one / ona
Present metem meteš mete metemo metete metu
Future Future I mest ću1
mešću		 mest ćeš1
mešćeš		 mest će1
mešće		 mest ćemo1
mešćemo		 mest ćete1
mešćete		 mest će1
mešće
Future II bȕdēm meo2 bȕdēš meo2 bȕdē meo2 bȕdēmo meli2 bȕdēte meli2 bȕdū meli2
Past Perfect meo sam2 meo si2 meo je2 meli smo2 meli ste2 meli su2
Pluperfect3 bȉo sam meo2 bȉo si meo2 bȉo je meo2 bíli smo meli2 bíli ste meli2 bíli su meli2
Imperfect metijah / metah metijaše / metaše metijaše / metaše metijasmo / metasmo metijaste / metaste metijahu / metahu
Conditional I meo bih2 meo bi2 meo bi2 meli bismo2 meli biste2 meli bi2
Conditional II4 bȉo bih meo2 bȉo bi meo2 bȉo bi meo2 bíli bismo meli2 bíli biste meli2 bíli bi meli2
Imperative — mèti — mètimo mètite —
Active past participle meo m / mela f / melo n meli m / mele f / mela n
Passive past participle meten m / metena f / meteno n meteni m / metene f / metena n
1   Croatian spelling: others omit the infinitive suffix completely and bind the clitic.
2   For masculine nouns; a feminine or neuter agent would use the feminine and neuter gender forms of the active past participle and auxiliary verb, respectively.
3   Often replaced by the past perfect in colloquial speech, i.e. the auxiliary verb biti (to be) is routinely dropped.

4   Often replaced by the conditional I in colloquial speech, i.e. the auxiliary verb biti (to be) is routinely dropped.
  * Note: The aorist and imperfect have nowadays fallen into disuse in many dialects and therefore they are routinely replaced by the past perfect in both formal and colloquial speech.

Derived terms

Slovene

Etymology 1

From Proto-Slavic *mesti.

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /mɛ̀ːsti/

Verb

mésti impf

  1. to sweep
Inflection

This verb needs an inflection-table template.

Etymology 2

From Proto-Slavic *męsti.

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /mèːsti/, /mɛ̀ːsti/

Verb

mẹ́sti or mésti impf

  1. to churn (butter)
Inflection
Obstruent + -ti -em (AP b)
infinitive mẹ́sti, mésti
1st singular mẹ́dem, mẹ́tem, médem, métem
infinitive mẹ́sti, mésti mẹ̑st, mȅst, mȇst
supine mẹ̑st, mȅst, mȇst
verbal noun mẹ́denje, mẹ́tenje, medénje, meténje
participle converb
present medọ̄č, metọ̄č —
past mẹ̑den, mẹ̑ten, medȅn, metȅn —
l-participle masculine feminine neuter
singular mẹ̄dəł, mẹ̄təł mẹ́dla, mẹ́tla, mēdla, mētla mẹ́dlo, mẹ́tlo, mēdlo, mētlo
dual mẹ́dla, mẹ́tla, mēdla, mētla mẹ́dli, mẹ́tli, mēdli, mētli mẹ́dli, mẹ́tli, mēdli, mētli
plural mẹ́dli, mẹ́tli, mēdli, mētli mẹ́dle, mẹ́tle, mēdle, mētle mẹ́dla, mẹ́tla, mēdla, mētla
present imperative
1st singular mẹ́dem, mẹ́tem, médem, métem —
2nd singular mẹ́deš, mẹ́teš, médeš, méteš mẹ́di, mẹ́ti, médi, méti
3rd singular mẹ́de, mẹ́te, méde, méte —
1st dual mẹ́deva, mẹ́teva, médeva, méteva mẹ́diva, mẹ́tiva, medȋva, metȋva
2nd dual mẹ́deta, mẹ́teta, médeta, méteta mẹ́dita, mẹ́tita, medȋta, metȋta
3rd dual mẹ́deta, mẹ́teta, médeta, méteta —
1st plural mẹ́demo, mẹ́temo, médemo, métemo mẹ́dimo, mẹ́timo, medȋmo, metȋmo
2nd plural mẹ́dete, mẹ́tete, médete, métete mẹ́dite, mẹ́tite, medȋte, metȋte
3rd plural mẹ́dejo, mẹ́tejo, médejo, métejo —
Derived terms
  • zmẹ́sti

Etymology 3

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Noun

mesti

  1. inflection of mesto:
    1. nominative/accusative dual
    2. instrumental plural

Further reading
  • “mesti”, in Slovarji Inštituta za slovenski jezik Frana Ramovša ZRC SAZU, portal Fran
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