ombudsman
English
    
Etymology
    
Borrowed from Swedish ombudsman (equivalent to ombud (“representative, proxy”) + man), from Old Norse umboðsmaðr.
Pronunciation
    
- (UK) IPA(key): /ˈɒmbədzmən/
- (US, Canada) IPA(key): /ˈɑmbədzmən/
- (Philippine, nonstandard) IPA(key): /ɒmˈbʊdzmən/
- Audio (AU) - (file) 
- (US) (file) 
Noun
    
ombudsman (plural ombudsmen)
- An appointed official whose duty is to investigate complaints, generally on behalf of individuals such as consumers or taxpayers, against institutions such as companies and government departments.
- A designated internal mediator in an organization whose duty is to assist members with conflict resolution and other problems and to serve as an independent consultant to recommend changes to policies or procedures to improve organization effectiveness, efficiency, and humaneness.
Usage notes
    
- Derived from Swedish, where the suffix -man is not always gender specific. Nevertheless, the words ombud, ombuds, ombudsperson, and ombudswoman have been coined to remedy the perceived gender-specificity of ombudsman in English.
Derived terms
    
Translations
    
| 
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Cebuano
    
    
Czech
    
    Etymology
    
Borrowed from Swedish ombudsman, from Old Norse umboðsmaðr.
Pronunciation
    
- IPA(key): /ˈɔmbʊtsˌman/
Declension
    
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | ombudsman | ombudsmani | 
| genitive | ombudsmana | ombudsmanů | 
| dative | ombudsmanovi, ombudsmanu | ombudsmanům | 
| accusative | ombudsmana | ombudsmany | 
| vocative | ombudsmane | ombudsmani | 
| locative | ombudsmanovi, ombudsmanu | ombudsmanech | 
| instrumental | ombudsmanem | ombudsmany | 
Dutch
    
    Etymology
    
From Swedish ombudsman, from Old Norse umboðsmaðr.
Pronunciation
    
- IPA(key): /ˈɔm.bʏts.mɑn/
- Audio - (file) 
Derived terms
    
- ombudsvrouw
- ombudspersoon, ombudsmens (jocular)
French
    
    Etymology
    
From Swedish ombudsman, from Old Norse umboðsmaðr.
Pronunciation
    
- IPA(key): /ɔm.byds.man/, /ɔ̃.byds.mɑ̃/
- Audio - (file) 
Noun
    
ombudsman m or f by sense (plural ombudsmans)
- an appointed official within an organization whose duty is to investigate complaints against that organization by its customers, taxpayers, and sometimes employees, and often to act as a consultant to improve services and processes
Usage notes
    
- In Quebec, the office in government services is called protecteur du citoyen. A similar office in France is that of the médiateur, though its precise functions differ.
Indonesian
    
    
Noun
    
ombudsman (first-person possessive ombudsmanku, second-person possessive ombudsmanmu, third-person possessive ombudsmannya)
Further reading
    
- “ombudsman” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Language Development and Fostering Agency — Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic Indonesia, 2016.
Polish
    
    
Pronunciation
    
- IPA(key): /ɔmˈbut.sman/
- Audio - (file) 
- Rhymes: -utsman
- Syllabification: om‧bud‧sman
Declension
    
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | ombudsman | ombudsmani/ombudsmany (depreciative) | 
| genitive | ombudsmana | ombudsmanów | 
| dative | ombudsmanowi | ombudsmanom | 
| accusative | ombudsmana | ombudsmanów | 
| instrumental | ombudsmanem | ombudsmanami | 
| locative | ombudsmanie | ombudsmanach | 
| vocative | ombudsmanie | ombudsmani | 
Portuguese
    
    Etymology
    
From Swedish ombudsman, from Old Norse umboðsmaðr.
Noun
    
ombudsman m (plural ombudsmen or ombudsmans or ombudsman)
- ombudsman (official who investigates complaints)
Romanian
    
    
Declension
    
| singular | plural | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| indefinite articulation | definite articulation | indefinite articulation | definite articulation | |
| nominative/accusative | (un) ombudsman | ombudsmanul | (niște) ombudsmani | ombudsmanii | 
| genitive/dative | (unui) ombudsman | ombudsmanului | (unor) ombudsmani | ombudsmanilor | 
| vocative | ombudsmanule | ombudsmanilor | ||
| singular | plural | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| indefinite articulation | definite articulation | indefinite articulation | definite articulation | |
| nominative/accusative | (un) ombudsman | ombudsmanul | (niște) ombudsmeni | ombudsmenii | 
| genitive/dative | (unui) ombudsman | ombudsmanului | (unor) ombudsmeni | ombudsmenilor | 
| vocative | ombudsmanule | ombudsmenilor | ||
See also
    
References
    
- ombudsman in DEX online - Dicționare ale limbii române (Dictionaries of the Romanian language)
Serbo-Croatian
    
    Etymology
    
From Swedish ombudsman, from Old Norse umboðsmaðr.
Pronunciation
    
- IPA(key): /ombǔdzman/
Synonyms
    
Spanish
    
    
Swedish
    
    Etymology
    
ombud + man. The origin of the word is found in Old Norse umboðsmaðr and the word “umbuds man”, meaning representative. The first preserved use in Swedish is from 1552.
Pronunciation
    
- IPA(key): /ˈɔm.bʉːdsˌman/
Declension
    
| Declension of ombudsman | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Plural | |||
| Indefinite | Definite | Indefinite | Definite | |
| Nominative | ombudsman | ombudsmannen | ombudsmän | ombudsmännen | 
| Genitive | ombudsmans | ombudsmannens | ombudsmäns | ombudsmännens | 
Related terms
    
- barnombudsman
- diskrimineringsombudsman
- jämo
- jämställdhetsombudsman
- justitieombudsman
Descendants
    
- Armenian: օմբուդսմեն (ōmbudsmen)
- Dutch: ombudsman
- English: ombudsman
- Georgian: ომბუდსმენი (ombudsmeni)
- German: Ombudsmann
- Portuguese: ombudsman
- Serbo-Croatian: ombudsman
Turkish
    
    
Pronunciation
    
- IPA(key): /om.buds.mɑn/
Declension
    
| Inflection | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Nominative | ombudsman | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Definite accusative | ombudsmanı | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Singular | Plural | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Nominative | ombudsman | ombudsmanlar | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Definite accusative | ombudsmanı | ombudsmanları | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Dative | ombudsmana | ombudsmanlara | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Locative | ombudsmanda | ombudsmanlarda | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Ablative | ombudsmandan | ombudsmanlardan | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Genitive | ombudsmanın | ombudsmanların | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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