vasara
Estonian
    
    
Finnish
    
    Etymology
    
From Proto-Finnic *vasara, which is from earlier *waśara (compare Erzya узере (uźeŕe)), borrowed from Proto-Indo-Iranian *wáȷ́ras. Compare Sanskrit वज्र (vájra).
Pronunciation
    
- IPA(key): /ˈʋɑsɑrɑ/, [ˈʋɑs̠ɑrɑ]
- Rhymes: -ɑsɑrɑ
- Syllabification(key): va‧sa‧ra
Noun
    
vasara
Declension
    
| Inflection of vasara (Kotus type 12/kulkija, no gradation) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | vasara | vasarat | ||
| genitive | vasaran | vasaroiden vasaroitten | ||
| partitive | vasaraa | vasaroita | ||
| illative | vasaraan | vasaroihin | ||
| singular | plural | |||
| nominative | vasara | vasarat | ||
| accusative | nom. | vasara | vasarat | |
| gen. | vasaran | |||
| genitive | vasaran | vasaroiden vasaroitten vasarainrare | ||
| partitive | vasaraa | vasaroita | ||
| inessive | vasarassa | vasaroissa | ||
| elative | vasarasta | vasaroista | ||
| illative | vasaraan | vasaroihin | ||
| adessive | vasaralla | vasaroilla | ||
| ablative | vasaralta | vasaroilta | ||
| allative | vasaralle | vasaroille | ||
| essive | vasarana | vasaroina | ||
| translative | vasaraksi | vasaroiksi | ||
| instructive | — | vasaroin | ||
| abessive | vasaratta | vasaroitta | ||
| comitative | See the possessive forms below. | |||
| Possessive forms of vasara (type kulkija) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Synonyms
    
- (malleus): vasaraluu
Compounds
    
- höyryvasara
- ilmavasara
- isovasara
- juottovasara
- kankivasara
- konevasara
- kumivasara
- lyijyvasara
- läskivasara
- muovivasara
- niittausvasara
- nokivasara
- pajavasara
- peltivasara
- pudotusvasara
- puuvasara
- sorkkavasara
- sotavasara
- takovasara
- talttavasara
- vasarahai
- vasarajuotin
- vasarakirves
- vasarakirveskulttuuri
- vasarakoneisto
- vasaralaite
- vasaraluu
- vasaramies
- vasaramurskain
- vasaranisku
- vasaranvarsi
- väkivasara
Ingrian
    

Vasara.
Pronunciation
    
- (Ala-Laukaa) IPA(key): /ˈʋɑsɑrɑ/, [ˈʋɑs̠ɑr]
- (Soikkola) IPA(key): /ˈʋɑsɑːrɑ/, [ˈʋɑʃˑɑːrɑ]
- Rhymes: -ɑsɑr, -ɑsɑːrɑ
- Hyphenation: va‧sa‧ra
Noun
    
vasara
- hammer
-  1936, D. I. Efimov, Lukukirja: Inkeroisia alkușkouluja vart (ensimäine osa), Leningrad: Riikin Ucebno-pedagogiceskoi Izdateljstva, page 11:- Jurmast jooksoot pakkaiset, niku vasaranka kolkuttelloot.- Briskly the frosts set in, like with a hammer they knock.
 
 
 
-  
Declension
    
| Declension of vasara (type 3/kana, no gradation) | ||
|---|---|---|
| singular | plural | |
| nominative | vasara | vasarat | 
| genitive | vasaran | vasaroin | 
| partitive | vasaraa | vasaroja | 
| illative | vasaraa | vasaroihe | 
| inessive | vasaraas | vasarois | 
| elative | vasarast | vasaroist | 
| allative | vasaralle | vasaroille | 
| adessive | vasaraal | vasaroil | 
| ablative | vasaralt | vasaroilt | 
| translative | vasaraks | vasaroiks | 
| essive | vasaranna, vasaraan | vasaroinna, vasaroin | 
| exessive1) | vasarant | vasaroint | 
| 1) obsolete *) the accusative corresponds with either the genitive (sg) or nominative (pl) **) the comitative is formed by adding the suffix -ka? or -kä? to the genitive. | ||
Latvian
    

Vasara
Etymology
    
From Proto-Balto-Slavic *was(e)r, from Proto-Indo-European *wósr̥.[1]
Pronunciation
    
- IPA(key): [vasaɾa]
| (file) | 
Noun
    
vasara f (4th declension)
- summer (season of the year, from June 21-22 to September 22-23 in the Northern Hemisphere, characterized by the highest temperatures of the year)
- karsta, sausa vasara ― hot, dry summer
- slapja, lietaina vasara ― wet, rainy summer
- saulaina vasara ― sunny summer
- iestājās vasara ― summer has started
- pēdējais vasaras mēnesis ― last summer month
- karsta vasaras diena ― hot summer day
- pavadīt vasaras laukos ― to spend the summer in the countryside
- vasaras saulgrieži ― summer solstice
- meteoroloģiskā vasara sākas, kad diennakts vidējā gaisa temperatūra sasniedz 15° C ― the meteorological summer begins when the daily average air temperature reaches 15° C
- kas ir vasara? saule, lietus, zaļa zeme un zili ūdeņi, garas, karstas dienas un īsas naktis ― what is summer? sun, rain, green earth and blue waters, long, hot days and short nights
 
- (in the genitive, used adjectivally) summer; typical of summer; which happens, is used in summer
- vasaras atpūta ― summer rest
- vasaras laiks ― summer time (= daylight saving time)
- vasaras mītne ― summer residence
- vasaras mētelis, kleita ― summer coat, dress
- vasaras mieži ― summer barley (i.e., sown in spring and mature already in summer, in the same year)
- vasaras āboli ― summer apples (i.e., those that mature early, before the beginning of autumn)
 
Declension
    
Declension of vasara (4th declension)
| singular (vienskaitlis) | plural (daudzskaitlis) | |
|---|---|---|
| nominative (nominatīvs) | vasara | vasaras | 
| accusative (akuzatīvs) | vasaru | vasaras | 
| genitive (ģenitīvs) | vasaras | vasaru | 
| dative (datīvs) | vasarai | vasarām | 
| instrumental (instrumentālis) | vasaru | vasarām | 
| locative (lokatīvs) | vasarā | vasarās | 
| vocative (vokatīvs) | vasara | vasaras | 
Derived terms
    
References
    
- Karulis, Konstantīns (1992), “vasara”, in Latviešu Etimoloģijas Vārdnīca (in Latvian), Rīga: AVOTS, →ISBN
Lithuanian
    

Vasara
Etymology
    
From Proto-Balto-Slavic *was(e)r, from Proto-Indo-European *wósr̥.[1][2][3]
Pronunciation
    
- IPA(key): [ˈvasɐrɐ]
Declension
    
declension of vasara
| singular (vienaskaita) | plural (daugiskaita) | |
|---|---|---|
| nominative (vardininkas) | vãsara | vãsaros | 
| genitive (kilmininkas) | vãsaros | vãsarų | 
| dative (naudininkas) | vãsarai | vãsaroms | 
| accusative (galininkas) | vãsarą | vãsaras | 
| instrumental (įnagininkas) | vãsara | vãsaromis | 
| locative (vietininkas) | vãsaroje | vãsarose | 
| vocative (šauksmininkas) | vãsara | vãsaros | 
See also
    
| Seasons in Lithuanian · metų laikai (layout · text) · category | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| pavasaris (“spring”) | vasara (“summer”) | ruduo (“autumn”) | žiema (“winter”) | 
References
    
- Derksen, Rick (2015), “vasara”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 492
- “vãsara” in Hock et al., Altlitauisches etymologisches Wörterbuch 2.0 (online, 2020–); p. 1384 in ALEW 1.1 (online, 2019).
- “vasara”, in Lietuvių kalbos etimologinio žodyno duomenų bazė [Lithuanian etymological dictionary database], 2007–2012
Further reading
    
- “vasara”, in Lietuvių kalbos žodynas [Dictionary of the Lithuanian language], lkz.lt, 1941–2023
- “vasara”, in Dabartinės lietuvių kalbos žodynas [Dictionary of contemporary Lithuanian], ekalba.lt, 1954–2023
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