πηγαίνω

Greek

Alternative forms

only idiomatic or literature:

  • παγαίνω (pagaíno), πααίνω (paaíno), πηαίνω (piaíno)[1]

Etymology

From Ancient Greek ὑπάγω (hupágō, “bring under”) in its Hellenistic sense "go", through its imperfect tense ὑπῆγον (hupêgon) > mediaeval ὑπῆγα (hupêga) which was wrongly analysed as ὑ- + πῆγα (instead of ὑπ- +) and a formation of a new mediaeval present tense + -αίνω (-aínō), πηγαίνω (pēgaínō), in the familiar pattern of aorist - present like ἔμαθα (ἔmatha) - μαθαίνω (mathaíno, “learn”). The form πάω (páo), with silenced [ɣ] for <γ> of mediaeval ὑπάγω.[2][3]
Also see the imperative άμε! (áme!), parallel form of πήγαινε! (pígaine!) and the mediaeval types ὑπαγαίνω (hupagaínō), ἀπηγαίνω (apēgaínō).

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /piˈʝe.no/
  • Hyphenation: πη‧γαί‧νω

Verb

πηγαίνω/πάω • (pigaíno/páo) (imperfect πήγαινα, past πήγα, passive —)

  1. I go
    1. literally go → interchangeable with πάω (páo)
    2. sense "time", "duration" → only πάω (páo)

Conjugation
πηγαίνω / πάω (active forms only)
Active voice ➤
Indicative mood ➤ Imperfective aspect ➤ Perfective aspect ➤
Non-past tenses ➤ Present ➤ Dependent ➤
1 sg πηγαίνω / πάω πάω
2 sg πηγαίνεις / πας πας
3 sg πηγαίνει / πάει πάει
1 pl πηγαίνουμε, [-ομε] / πάμε πάμε
2 pl πηγαίνετε / πάτε πάτε
3 pl πηγαίνουν(ε) / πάνε, παν πάνε, παν
Past tenses ➤ Imperfect ➤ Simple past ➤
1 sg πήγαινα πήγα
2 sg πήγαινες πήγες
3 sg πήγαινε πήγε
1 pl πηγαίναμε πήγαμε
2 pl πηγαίνατε πήγατε
3 pl πήγαιναν, πηγαίναν(ε) πήγαν(ε)
Future tenses ➤ Continuous ➤ Simple ➤
1 sg θα πηγαίνω1 ➤ θα πάω ➤
2,3 sg, 1,2,3 pl θα πηγαίνεις, θα πας, …
Perfect aspect ➤
Present perfect ➤   έχω, έχεις, … πάει  
Past perfect ➤   είχα, είχες, … πάει  
Future perfect ➤   θα έχω, θα έχεις, … πάει  
Subjunctive mood ➤ Formed using present, dependent (for simple past) or present perfect from above with a particle (να, ας).
Imperative mood ➤ Imperfective aspect Perfective aspect
2 sg πήγαινε πήγαινε, [πάνε, άμε]2
2 pl πηγαίνετε πηγαίνετε, πηγαίντε / πάτε, [άμετε]2
Other forms
Active present participle ➤   πηγαίνοντας ➤
Active perfect participle ➤   έχοντας πάει ➤
Passive perfect participle ➤ 3 ➤
Nonfinite form ➤   πάει
Notes  
 
Appendix:Greek verbs		  1. Only the -αίνω forms for Continuous Future.
 2. Vernacular.
 3. Vernacular forms πηγαιμένος or πηγεμένος, "who has gone".
 • (…) optional or informal.   […] rare.   {…} learned, archaic.
 • Multiple forms are shown in order of reducing frequency.
 • Periphrastic imperative forms may be produced using the subjunctive.

Antonyms
  • πηγεμός m (pigemós), etymological spelling: πηγαιμός
Compounds
  • ξαναπηγαίνω (xanapigaíno) / ξαναπάω (xanapáo, “I go again”)
  • παραπάω (parapáo) / παραπηγαίνω (parapigaíno, “I am excessive”)
  • πηγαινέλα n (pigainéla, “literally: going and coming”)
  • πηγαινοέρχομαι (pigainoérchomai) / πηγαινόρχομαι (pigainórchomai, “literarlly: go and come”)
  • πρωτοπηγαίνω (protopigaíno) / πρωτοπάω (protopáo, “I go for the first time”)

References
  1. Georgios Babiniotis (2002), “πηγαίνω”, in Λεξικό της νέας ελληνικής γλώσσας: […] [Dictionary of the New Greek Language] (in Greek), 2nd edition, Athens: Kentro Lexikologias, →ISBN.
  2. πηγαίνω - Λεξικό της κοινής νεοελληνικής [Dictionary of Standard Modern Greek], 1998, by the "Triantafyllidis" Foundation.
  3. Babiniotis, Georgios (2010), “πηγαίνω”, in Etymologikó lexikó tis néas ellinikís glóssas [Etymological Dictionary of Modern Greek] (in Greek), Athens: Lexicology Centre
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