ज्ञान

Hindi

Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit ज्ञान (jñāna), from the root verb ज्ञा (jñā, “to know, be aware of”), from Proto-Indo-European *ǵneh₃- (“to know”). Doublet of जान (jān).

Pronunciation

(Delhi Hindi) IPA^(key): /ɡjɑːn/, [ɡjä̃ːn̪]

Noun

ज्ञान • (gyān) m (Urdu spelling گیان‎)

knowledge
मुझे इसका कुछ भी ज्ञान नहीं है।
mujhe iskā kuch bhī gyān nahī̃ hai.
I have no knowledge of it at all.

हमारा शिक्षक व्यापक ज्ञान की खान है।
hamārā śikṣak vyāpak gyān kī khān hai.
Our professor is a vast storehouse of general knowledge.

गुरूजी, और ज्ञान बाटो! ― gurūjī, aur gyān bāṭo! ― Oh Guru, please enlighten us with knowledge! (sarcastic)

Declension

Declension of ज्ञान (masc cons-stem)

	singular	plural
direct	ज्ञान gyān	ज्ञान gyān
oblique	ज्ञान gyān	ज्ञानों gyānõ
vocative	ज्ञान gyān	ज्ञानो gyāno

Synonyms

जानकारी (jānkārī)

References

Bahri, Hardev (1989), “ज्ञान”, in Siksarthi Hindi-Angrejhi Sabdakosa [Learners' Hindi-English Dictionary], Delhi: Rajpal & Sons.

Marathi

Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit ज्ञान (jñāna), from the root verb ज्ञा (jñā, “to know, be aware of”), from Proto-Indo-European *ǵneh₃- (“to know”). Related to जाण (j̈āṇ).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /d̪nan/

Noun

ज्ञान • (dnyān) n

knowledge

Derived terms

अज्ञान (adnyān, “ignorance”)
ज्ञानी (dnyānī, “wise”)
विज्ञान (vidnyān, “science”)

References

Berntsen, Maxine, “ज्ञान”, in A Basic Marathi-English Dictionary, New Delhi: American Institute of Indian Studies, 1982-1983.

Nepali

Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit ज्ञान (jñāna).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [ɡjän]

Phonetic Devanagari: ग्यान्

Noun

ज्ञान • (gyān)

References

“ज्ञान”, in नेपाली बृहत् शब्दकोश (Nepālī Br̥hat Śabdakoś) [Comprehensive Nepali Dictionary], Kathmandu: Nepal Academy, 2018
Schmidt, Ruth L. (1993), “ज्ञान”, in A Practical Dictionary of Modern Nepali, Ratna Sagar

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

ᬚ᭄ᬜᬵᬦ (Balinese script)
জ্ঞান (Assamese script)
জ্ঞান (Bengali script)
𑰕𑰿𑰗𑰯𑰡 (Bhaiksuki script)
𑀚𑁆𑀜𑀸𑀦 (Brahmi script)
𑌜𑍍𑌞𑌾𑌨 (Grantha script)
જ્ઞાન (Gujarati script)
ਜੑਞਾਨ (Gurmukhi script)
ꦘꦴꦤ (Javanese script)
ជ្ញាន (Khmer script)
ಜ್ಞಾನ (Kannada script)
ຊ຺ຎານ (Lao script)
ജ്ഞാന (Malayalam script)
𑘕𑘿𑘗𑘰𑘡 (Modi script)
ᠽᡛᠠᢗᠨᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
ᡯᠨᡳᠶᠠ᠎᠊ᠠᠨᠠ (Manchu script)
ဇ္ဉာန (Burmese script)
𑦵𑧠𑦷𑧑𑧁 (Nandinagari script)
𑐖𑑂𑐘𑐵𑐣 (Newa script)
ଜ୍ଞାନ (Oriya script)
ꢙ꣄ꢛꢵꢥ (Saurashtra script)
𑆘𑇀𑆚𑆳𑆤 (Sharada script)
𑖕𑖿𑖗𑖯𑖡 (Siddham script)
ජ්ඤාන (Sinhalese script)
జ్ఞాన (Telugu script)
ชฺญาน (Thai script)
ཛྙཱ་ན (Tibetan script)
𑒖𑓂𑒘𑒰𑒢 (Tirhuta script)

Etymology

From the root ज्ञा (jñā, “to know, be aware of”) +‎ -अन (-ana).

Pronunciation

(Vedic) IPA^(key): /d͡ʑɲɑ́ː.nɐ/
(Classical) IPA^(key): /ˈd͡ʑɲɑː.n̪ɐ/

Noun

ज्ञान • (jñāna) n

knowing, becoming acquainted with, knowledge, (esp.) the higher knowledge (in Buddhism, pure awareness free from conceptual constructs; in Hinduism, true knowledge of the Self's identity with the Ultimate Reality)
"knowledge about anything cognizance" (compare ज्ञानतस् (jñānatas) and अज्ञान (ajñāna))
ज्ञानाद् अज्ञानाद् वा ― jñānād ajñānād vā ― knowingly or ignorantly
conscience
= ज्ञानेन्द्रिय (jñānendriya)
engaging in (+ genitive, e.g. सर्पिषस् (sarpiṣas, “in sacrifice with clarified butter”))
name of a shakti

Declension

Neuter a-stem declension of ज्ञान (jñāna)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	ज्ञानम् jñānam	ज्ञाने jñāne	ज्ञानानि / ज्ञाना¹ jñānāni / jñānā¹
Vocative	ज्ञान jñāna	ज्ञाने jñāne	ज्ञानानि / ज्ञाना¹ jñānāni / jñānā¹
Accusative	ज्ञानम् jñānam	ज्ञाने jñāne	ज्ञानानि / ज्ञाना¹ jñānāni / jñānā¹
Instrumental	ज्ञानेन jñānena	ज्ञानाभ्याम् jñānābhyām	ज्ञानैः / ज्ञानेभिः¹ jñānaiḥ / jñānebhiḥ¹
Dative	ज्ञानाय jñānāya	ज्ञानाभ्याम् jñānābhyām	ज्ञानेभ्यः jñānebhyaḥ
Ablative	ज्ञानात् jñānāt	ज्ञानाभ्याम् jñānābhyām	ज्ञानेभ्यः jñānebhyaḥ
Genitive	ज्ञानस्य jñānasya	ज्ञानयोः jñānayoḥ	ज्ञानानाम् jñānānām
Locative	ज्ञाने jñāne	ज्ञानयोः jñānayoḥ	ज्ञानेषु jñāneṣu
Notes	¹Vedic

Descendants

Assamese: জ্ঞান (gyan)
Bengali: জ্ঞান (gên)
→ English: jnana (learned)
→ Gujarati: જ્ઞાન (jñān) (learned)
→ Hindustani:
- Hindi: ज्ञान (gyān)
- Urdu: گیان‎
→ Punjabi: ਗਿਆਨ (giāna)
→ Kannada: ಜ್ಞಾನ (jñāna)
Maharastri Prakrit:
- Old Marathi: जाण (j̈āṇ)
  - → Marathi: ज्ञान (dnyān)
→ Nepali: ज्ञान (gyān)
→ Old Tamil: 𑀜𑀸𑀷𑀫𑁆 (ñāṉam)
- Tamil: ஞானம் (ñāṉam)
Pali: ñāṇa
- → Burmese: ဉာဏ် (nyan)
- → Khmer: ញាណ (ñiən)
- → Thai: ญาณ (yaan)
Prakrit:
- Gujarati: જાણ (jāṇ)
- Hindi: जान (jān)
- Punjabi: ਜਾਣ (jāṇ)
→ Telugu: జ్ఞానము (jñānamu)

References

Monier Williams (1899), “ज्ञान”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 0426.

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