借

See also: 藉
借 U+501F, 借
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-501F
← 倞
[U+501E] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 倠 →
[U+5020]

Translingual

Han character

借 (Kangxi radical 9, 人+8, 10 strokes, cangjie input 人廿日 (OTA), four-corner 24261, composition ⿰亻昔)

Derived characters
  • 𠺦, 𮇴, 𡩤

References
  • KangXi: page 108, character 10
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 781
  • Dae Jaweon: page 230, character 6
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 171, character 5
  • Unihan data for U+501F

Chinese
simp. and trad.
 借
alternative forms 𠎥
徣

Glyph origin
Historical forms of the character 借
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script
Small seal script

s05790

Transcribed ancient scripts

L23875

References:

Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including:

  • Shuowen Jiezi (small seal),
  • Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions),
  • Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and
  • Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).
Characters in the same phonetic series (昔) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
借 *ʔsjaːɡs, *ʔsjaːɡ
唶 *ʔsjaːɡs
藉 *zjaːɡs, *zjaːɡ
躤 *zjaːɡs
蜡 *zraːɡs, *sʰaːɡs
齰 *zraːɡs, *zraːɡ
醋 *sʰaːɡs
錯 *sʰaːɡs, *sʰaːɡ
措 *sʰaːɡs
厝 *sʰaːɡs, *sʰaːɡ
逪 *sʰaːɡ
剒 *sʰaːɡ
鵲 *sʰaɡ
碏 *sʰaɡ
踖 *sʰaɡ, *ʔsjaːɡ, *zjaːɡ
趞 *sʰaɡ
皵 *sʰaɡ, *sʰjaːɡ
舄 *sʰjaːɡ, *sʰaɡ, *sjaːɡ, *sjaːɡ
斮 *ʔsraɡ, *ʔsraːɡ
簎 *zraːwɢ, *sʰraːɡ, *zjaːɡ
諎 *ʔsraːɡ
矠 *sʰreːɡ, *zreːɡ
庴 *ʔsjaːɡ, *zjaːɡ
籍 *zjaːɡ
耤 *zjaːɡ
猎 *zjaːɡ
昔 *sjaːɡ
惜 *sjaːɡ
腊 *sjaːɡ
焟 *sjaːɡ
棤 *sjaːɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *ʔsjaːɡs, *ʔsjaːɡ) : semantic 人 (“person”) + phonetic 昔 (OC *sjaːɡ).

Pronunciation

Note:
  • cióh - colloquial;
  • ciâ - literary.
Note:
  • chioh - vernacular;
  • chià/chiak/chek - literary.
Note:
  • ziêh4/zioh4 - vernacular (ziêh4 - Chaozhou);
  • zia6 - literary.
Rime
Character 借 借
Reading # 1/2 2/2
Initial (聲) 精 (13) 精 (13)
Final (韻) 麻 (100) 清 (123)
Tone (調) Departing (H) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open Open
Division (等) III III
Fanqie 子夜切 資昔切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /t͡siaH/ /t͡siᴇk̚/
Pan
Wuyun		 /t͡siaH/ /t͡siɛk̚/
Shao
Rongfen		 /t͡siaH/ /t͡siæk̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /t͡siaH/ /t͡siajk̚/
Li
Rong		 /t͡siaH/ /t͡siɛk̚/
Wang
Li		 /t͡sĭaH/ /t͡sĭɛk̚/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /t͡si̯aH/ /t͡si̯ɛk̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 jiè ji
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex		 ze3 zik1
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 借 借
Reading # 1/2 2/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 jiè jiè
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ tsjæH › ‹ tsjek ›
Old
Chinese		 /*[ts]Ak-s/ /*[ts]Ak/
English loan, borrow loan, borrow

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 借 借
Reading # 1/2 2/2
No. 13269 13298
Phonetic
component		 昔 昔
Rime
group		 暮 鐸
Rime
subdivision		 0 0
Corresponding
MC rime		 唶 積
Old
Chinese		 /*ʔsjaːɡs/ /*ʔsjaːɡ/

Definitions

借

  1. to lend
    我沒有書，你能借我一本嗎？ [MSC, trad.]
    我没有书，你能借我一本吗？ [MSC, simp.]
    Wǒ méi yǒu shū, nǐ néng jiè wǒ yī běn ma? [Pinyin]
    I haven' t got any book; can you lend me one ?
    可唔可以借住五十蚊畀我先？ [Cantonese, trad. and simp.]
    ho2 m4 ho2 ji5 ze3 zyu6 ng5 sap6 man1 bei2 ngo5 sin1? [Jyutping]
    Can you lend me $50?
  2. to borrow
    我可以借你的書嗎？ [MSC, trad.]
    我可以借你的书吗？ [MSC, simp.]
    Wǒ kěyǐ jiè nǐ de shū ma? [Pinyin]
    Can I borrow your book?
  3. (alt. form 藉) to make use of; to take advantage of (an opportunity)
    借故  ―  jiègù  ―  to find an excuse
    她借著微弱的燭光讀書。 [MSC, trad.]
    她借着微弱的烛光读书。 [MSC, simp.]
    Tā jiè zhe wēiruò de zhúguāng dúshū. [Pinyin]
    She was reading by the faint light of the candle.
    我想借此機會感謝大家的支持。 [MSC, trad.]
    我想借此机会感谢大家的支持。 [MSC, simp.]
    Wǒ xiǎng jiè cǐ jīhuì gǎnxiè dàjiā de zhīchí. [Pinyin]
    I wish to use this opportunity to thank everyone for your support.
  4. (alt. form 藉) to rely on; to depend on
  5. (alt. form 藉) to use as a pretext
Synonyms
  • (to lend): (on interest) 貸／贷 (dài)

Compounds
Derived terms from 借

Etymology 2
For pronunciation and definitions of 借 – see 藉 (“to rely on”).
(This character, 借, is the simplified form of 藉.)
Notes:

Further reading

Japanese

Alternative forms
  • 借り (more common in running text)

Kanji
借

(grade 4 “Kyōiku” kanji)

  1. to borrow

Readings

Compounds
Compounds

Etymology
Kanji in this term
借
か(り)
Grade: 4
kun’yomi

Originally the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of classical verb 借る (karu, “to borrow”), now also the 連用形 (ren'yōkei) of modern verb 借りる (kariru, “to borrow”).[1][2]

Pronunciation

Noun

借(かり) • (kari) 

  1. borrowing, a debt, a loan (for the borrower, not the lender)
  2. (obsolete) in the Edo period, a system for arranging house calls by prostitutes
  3. (accounting, abbreviation) borrower, debtor: short for 借り方 (karikata)

Antonyms

(borrowing, debt): 貸(か)し (kashi): lending, a credit, a loan (for the lender, not the borrower)

References
  1. 1988, 国語大辞典（新装版） (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan
  2. 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja

借 (eum 차 (cha))

借 (eum 적 (jeok))

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

借: Hán Nôm readings: tá

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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