幽

See also: 豳 and 凼
幽 U+5E7D, 幽
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5E7D
← 幼
[U+5E7C] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 幾 →
[U+5E7E]

Translingual

Han character

幽 (Kangxi radical 52, 幺+6, 9 strokes, cangjie input 山女戈戈 (UVII), four-corner 22770, composition ⿻山𢆶)

Derived characters
  • 㗀, 𢰠, 𭱒, 𪴉, 𦂣, 𧍘, 䫜, 𢇑, 𢇕, 𦇵, 𠋔, 𢉾

References
  • KangXi: page 342, character 12
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 9205
  • Dae Jaweon: page 651, character 10
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1094, character 8
  • Unihan data for U+5E7D

Chinese
trad. 幽
simp. # 幽
2nd round simp. ⿶凵又

Glyph origin

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *qɯw) : 𢆶 + 山.

Etymology

Sino-Tibetan. Cognate with Mru [script needed] (iu ~ ʔiu, “dark”) (Löffler, 1966); possibly also related to Tibetan [script needed] (g-yog-pa, “to cover”) & [script needed] (g-yogs, “lid”) (Schuessler, 2007).

Related to 黝 (yǒu), 窅 (yǎo), 杳 (yǎo), 穾, 窔 (yào)

Allofam is probably 窈窕 (OC *qiːwʔ l'eːwʔ) (ibid.).

Pronunciation

  • Dialectal data
Variety Location 幽
Mandarin Beijing /iou⁵⁵/
Harbin /iou⁴⁴/
Tianjin /iou²¹/
Jinan /iou²¹³/
Qingdao /iou²¹³/
Zhengzhou /iou²⁴/
Xi'an /iou²¹/
Xining /iɯ⁴⁴/
Yinchuan /iəu⁴⁴/
Lanzhou /iou³¹/
Ürümqi /iɤu⁴⁴/
Wuhan /iəu⁵⁵/
Chengdu /iəu⁵⁵/
Guiyang /iəu⁵⁵/
Kunming /iəu⁴⁴/
Nanjing /iəɯ³¹/
Hefei /iɯ²¹/
Jin Taiyuan /iəu¹¹/
Pingyao /iəu¹³/
Hohhot /iəu³¹/
Wu Shanghai /iɤ⁵³/
Suzhou /iɤ⁵⁵/
Hangzhou /ʔiø³³/
Wenzhou /j̠au³³/
Hui Shexian /iu³¹/
Tunxi /iu¹¹/
Xiang Changsha /iəu³³/
Xiangtan /iəɯ³³/
Gan Nanchang /iu⁴²/
Hakka Meixian /iu¹¹/
Taoyuan
Cantonese Guangzhou /jɐu⁵³/
Nanning /jɐu⁵⁵/
Hong Kong /jɐu⁵⁵/
Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /iu⁵⁵/
Fuzhou (Min Dong) /hieu⁴⁴/
Jian'ou (Min Bei) /iu⁵⁴/
Shantou (Min Nan) /hĩu³³/
Haikou (Min Nan) /iu²³/
Rime
Character 幽
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 影 (34)
Final (韻) 幽 (138)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 於虯切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /ʔiɪu/
Pan
Wuyun		 /ʔɨu/
Shao
Rongfen		 /ʔieu/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /ʔjiw/
Li
Rong		 /ʔiĕu/
Wang
Li		 /iəu/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /ʔieu/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 yōu
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex		 jau1
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 幽
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 yōu
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ ʔjiw ›
Old
Chinese		 /*[ʔ](r)iw/
English dark; secluded

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 幽
Reading # 1/1
No. 14620
Phonetic
component		 幽
Rime
group		 幽
Rime
subdivision		 2
Corresponding
MC rime		 幽
Old
Chinese		 /*qɯw/
Notes 甲金文從火從二幺會意火微

Definitions

幽

  1. dim; dark
  2. deep and remote
  3. hidden; concealed
  4. bottled up
  5. quiet; tranquil
  6. to imprison
  7. netherworld
  8. a surname

Compounds
Derived terms from 幽

Japanese

Kanji
幽

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

  1. dark
  2. netherworld
  3. hidden
  4. confine, imprison

Readings

Compounds
Compounds

Korean

Hanja

幽 • (yu) (hangeul 유, revised yu, McCune–Reischauer yu)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

幽: Hán Nôm readings: u, ù

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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