座

See also: 坐
座 U+5EA7, 座
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5EA7
← 度
[U+5EA6] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 庨 →
[U+5EA8]

Translingual
Stroke order

Han character

座 (Kangxi radical 53, 广+7, 10 strokes, cangjie input 戈人人土 (IOOG), four-corner 00214, composition ⿸广坐)

References
  • KangXi: page 346, character 3
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 9319
  • Dae Jaweon: page 655, character 19
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 886, character 3
  • Unihan data for U+5EA7

Chinese
simp. and trad.
 座
2nd round simp. 坐

Glyph origin
Characters in the same phonetic series (坐) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
脞 *sʰal, *sʰoːlʔ
侳 *ʔsal, *ʔsoːls
挫 *ʔsoːls
夎 *ʔsoːls
遳 *sʰloːl
銼 *sʰoːls, *zoːl, *zoːɡ
剉 *sʰoːls
莝 *sʰoːls
趖 *soːl
矬 *zoːl
痤 *zoːl
睉 *zoːl
坐 *zoːlʔ, *zoːls
座 *zoːls
髽 *ʔsroːl

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *zoːls) : semantic 广 (“house on cliff”) + phonetic 坐 (OC *zoːlʔ, *zoːls).

Etymology

Exopassive of 坐 (OC *zoːlʔ, *zoːls, “to sit; to be situated”), literally "that which is sat on" (Schuessler, 2007).

Pronunciation

Note:
  • chō/chǒ͘ - literary;
  • chē/chǒ - vernacular.
Rime
Character 座
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 從 (15)
Final (韻) 戈 (95)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Closed
Division (等) I
Fanqie 徂卧切
Baxter dzwaH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /d͡zuɑH/
Pan
Wuyun		 /d͡zuɑH/
Shao
Rongfen		 /d͡zuɑH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /d͡zwaH/
Li
Rong		 /d͡zuɑH/
Wang
Li		 /d͡zuɑH/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /d͡zʱuɑH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 zuò
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex		 zo6
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 座
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 zuò
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ dzwaH ›
Old
Chinese		 /*[dz]ˁo[j]ʔ-s/
English seat n.

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 座
Reading # 1/1
No. 18066
Phonetic
component		 坐
Rime
group		 歌
Rime
subdivision		 3
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese		 /*zoːls/

Definitions

座

  1. seat (Classifier: 個／个)
    讓座／让座  ―  ràngzuò  ―  to give up one's seat
  2. stand; base (Classifier: 個／个)
  3. Short for 星座 (xīngzuò, “constellation”).
    天蠍座／天蝎座  ―  tiānxiēzuò  ―  scorpius
  4. Classifier for buildings, mountains and similar immovable objects.
  5. (Hong Kong Cantonese) room number in an residential building
    十八樓C座／十八楼C座 [Cantonese]  ―  sap6 baat3 lau4-2 si1 zo6 [Jyutping]  ―  Eighteenth Floor Block C

Synonyms
Dialectal synonyms of 座 (“(classifier for bridges)”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 座
Mandarin Beijing 座
Taiwan 座
Tianjin 座
Chengde 座
Tangshan 座
Cangzhou 座
Baoding 座
Shijiazhuang 座
Chifeng 座
Hulunbuir (Hailar) 座
Heihe 座
Qiqihar 座
Harbin 座
Jiamusi 座
Baicheng 座
Changchun 座
Tonghua 座
Shenyang 座
Dandong 座
Jinzhou 座
Dalian 座
Yantai 座
Qingdao 座
Lijin 座
Zhucheng 座
Jinan 座
Jining 座
Shangqiu 座
Yuanyang 座
Zhengzhou 座
Lingbao 座
Xinyang 座
Baihe 座
Hanzhong 座
Xi'an 座, 個, 架
Baoji 座
Yinchuan 座
Tianshui 座
Lanzhou 座
Dunhuang 座
Xining 座
Hami 座
Ürümqi 座
Wuhan 道, 座
Yichang 座
Xiangyang 座
Tianmen 座
Hong'an 座
Chengdu 道, 座, 架
Nanchong 座
Dazhou 座
Hanyuan 座
Xichang 座
Zigong 座
Chongqing 座
Guiyang 座
Zunyi 座
Bijie 座
Liping 架
Zhaotong 座
Dali 座
Kunming 座
Mengzi 座
Guilin 座
Liuzhou 座
Jishou 座
Changde 座
Anqing 座
Xuzhou 座
Fuyang 座
Wuhu 座
Yangzhou 道, 座
Lianyungang 座
Lianshui 座
Nanjing 座
Hefei 道, 座
Nantong 座
Singapore 座
Cantonese Guangzhou 度, 戙
Hong Kong 條, 座
Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou) 度
Macau 座
Guangzhou (Panyu) 度, 戙
Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) 度
Guangzhou (Conghua) 戙
Guangzhou (Zengcheng) 度
Foshan 戙
Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) 戙
Foshan (Sanshui) 戙
Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) 戙
Zhuhai (Doumen, Shangheng Tanka) 度
Zhuhai (Doumen) 度
Jiangmen (Baisha) 度
Jiangmen (Xinhui) 戙
Taishan 對
Kaiping (Chikan) 度
Enping (Niujiang) 獨
Heshan (Yayao) 度
Dongguan 度
Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) 度
Yangjiang 度
Gan Nanchang 道
Hakka Meixian 座
Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua) 度
Dongguan (Qingxi) 度
Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) 度
Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) 度
Conghua (Lütian) 條
Huizhou Shexian 乘
Jin Taiyuan 座
Yangyuan 座
Datong 座
Xinzhou 座
Lishi 座
Changzhi 座
Linhe 座
Jining 座
Hohhot 座
Erenhot 座
Pingshan 座
Zhangjiakou 座
Handan 座
Linzhou 座
Suide 座
Min Bei Jian'ou 座
Min Dong Fuzhou 條
Min Nan Xiamen 座
Taipei (Wanhua) 板
Kaohsiung 座
Yilan 條
Changhua (Lukang) 板
Taichung 板
Taichung (Wuqi) 板
Tainan 條
Taitung 條
Hsinchu 條
Penghu (Magong) 逝
Manila (Hokkien) 條, 座
Chaozhou 條
Zhongshan Min Shaxi (Longdu) 條
Wu Suzhou 頂
Wenzhou 爿, 條
Xiang Changsha 座, 隻
Shuangfeng 條, 座

Compounds
Derived terms from 座

Descendants
  • → Vietnamese: toà

References

Japanese

Kanji
座

(grade 6 “Kyōiku” kanji)

Readings

Compounds
Compounds

Etymology 1
Kanji in this term
座
ざ
Grade: 6
on’yomi

Middle Chinese 座 (d͡zuɑH)

Pronunciation

Suffix

座(ざ) • (-za) 

  1. names of constellations
  2. names of theaters

Etymology 2
Kanji in this term
座
くら
Grade: 6
kun’yomi

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): [kɯ̟ᵝɾa̠]

Affix

座(くら) • (kura) 

  1. high place
Derived terms

References
  1. 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  2. 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja

座 • (jwa) (hangeul 좌)

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Vietnamese

Han character

座: Hán Nôm readings: tọa/toạ, tòa/toà, phụng

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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