折衝
See also: 折冲
Chinese
tenth (in price); to break; to fold tenth (in price); to break; to fold; to turn; broken (as of rope, stick) |
of great force; towards; dash against | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| trad. (折衝) | 折 | 衝 | |
| simp. (折冲) | 折 | 冲 | |
Pronunciation
Verb
折衝
- (literary) to repulse an enemy
- 夫脩之於廟堂之上，而折衝乎千里之外者，其司城子罕之謂乎？ [Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: Lü Buwei, Master Lü's Spring and Autumn Annals, 239 BCE
- Fú xiū zhī yú miàotáng zhī shàng, ér zhéchōng hū qiānlǐ zhī wài zhě, qí sīchéng Zǐhǎn zhī wèi hū? [Pinyin]
- (please add an English translation of this example)
夫脩之于庙堂之上，而折冲乎千里之外者，其司城子罕之谓乎？ [Classical Chinese, simp.]- 未及夫折衝於未形之前者，揖讓乎廟堂之上而施惠乎百萬之民，故居則無變動，戰則不血刃，其湯武之兵與！ [Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: Shuoyuan, circa 1st century BCE
- Wèijí fú zhéchōng yú wèi xíng zhī qián zhě, yīràng hū miàotáng zhī shàng ér shīhuì hū bǎiwàn zhī mín, gù jū zé wú biàndòng, zhàn zé bù xuèrèn, qí Tāngwǔ zhī bīng yǔ! [Pinyin]
- (please add an English translation of this example)
未及夫折冲于未形之前者，揖让乎庙堂之上而施惠乎百万之民，故居则无变动，战则不血刃，其汤武之兵与！ [Classical Chinese, simp.]- 聖朝無一介之輔，股肱無折衝之勢 [Written Vernacular Chinese, trad.]
- From: Romance of the Three Kingdoms, circa 14th century CE
- shèngcháo wú yījiè zhī fǔ, gǔgōng wú zhéchōng zhī shì [Pinyin]
- The sacred dynasty has no supporter, and the aides have no power to repulse the enemy
圣朝无一介之辅，股肱无折冲之势 [Written Vernacular Chinese, simp.]
- to negotiate (in diplomacy)
- 烏克蘭危機似乎顯示以美國為主導的國際政治體系正在消退，取而代之的是多邊共治的權力平衡與折衝。 [MSC, trad.]
- From: 2014, 鄒道勻, 從「內部認同」看烏克蘭危機, in 戰略安全研析 [Journal of Strategic and Security Analyses], number 108, page 25
- Wūkèlán wēijī sìhū xiǎnshì yǐ Měiguó wéi zhǔdǎo de guójì zhèngzhì tǐxì zhèngzài xiāotuì, qǔ'érdàizhī de shì duōbiān gòngzhì de quánlì pínghéng yǔ zhéchōng. [Pinyin]
- (please add an English translation of this example)
乌克兰危机似乎显示以美国为主导的国际政治体系正在消退，取而代之的是多边共治的权力平衡与折冲。 [MSC, simp.]
Descendants
Japanese
| Kanji in this term | |
|---|---|
| 折 | 衝 |
| せつ > せっ Grade: 4 |
しょう Grade: S |
| on’yomi | |
Conjugation
Conjugation of "折衝する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
| Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 折衝し | せっしょうし | sesshō shi | |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 折衝し | せっしょうし | sesshō shi | |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 折衝する | せっしょうする | sesshō suru | |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 折衝する | せっしょうする | sesshō suru | |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 折衝すれ | せっしょうすれ | sesshō sure | |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 折衝せよ¹ 折衝しろ² |
せっしょうせよ¹ せっしょうしろ² |
sesshō seyo¹ sesshō shiro² | |
| Key constructions | ||||
| Passive | 折衝される | せっしょうされる | sesshō sareru | |
| Causative | 折衝させる 折衝さす |
せっしょうさせる せっしょうさす |
sesshō saseru sesshō sasu | |
| Potential | 折衝できる | せっしょうできる | sesshō dekiru | |
| Volitional | 折衝しよう | せっしょうしよう | sesshō shiyō | |
| Negative | 折衝しない | せっしょうしない | sesshō shinai | |
| Negative continuative | 折衝せず | せっしょうせず | sesshō sezu | |
| Formal | 折衝します | せっしょうします | sesshō shimasu | |
| Perfective | 折衝した | せっしょうした | sesshō shita | |
| Conjunctive | 折衝して | せっしょうして | sesshō shite | |
| Hypothetical conditional | 折衝すれば | せっしょうすれば | sesshō sureba | |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative | ||||
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