政

政 U+653F, 政
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-653F
← 放
[U+653E] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 敀 →
[U+6540]

Translingual
Stroke order
9 strokes

Han character

政 (Kangxi radical 66, 攴+5, 9 strokes, cangjie input 一一人大 (MMOK), four-corner 18140, composition ⿰正攵)

Derived characters
  • 𪣴, 𪰱, 𮈤, 𮢙, 晸, 䈣, 𭤍, 𮒆, 𧁎, 𣀚, 𩠰, 𢾘, 𥪛

References
  • KangXi: page 469, character 6
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 13135
  • Dae Jaweon: page 819, character 2
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1453, character 3
  • Unihan data for U+653F

Chinese
simp. and trad.
 政

Glyph origin
Characters in the same phonetic series (正) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
綻 *rdeːns
淀 *deːns
靛 *deːns
症 *tjɯŋs
竀 *rtʰeːŋ, *tʰeŋ
征 *tjeŋ
怔 *tjeŋ
正 *tjeŋ, *tjeŋs
鉦 *tjeŋ
鴊 *tjeŋ, *tjeŋs
眐 *tjeŋ
佂 *tjeŋ
整 *tjeŋʔ
政 *tjeŋs
証 *tjeŋs
定 *teːŋs, *deːŋs
顁 *teːŋs
錠 *teːŋs, *deːŋʔ, *deːŋs
掟 *deːŋs

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *tjeŋs) : phonetic 正 (OC *tjeŋ, *tjeŋs) + semantic 攵 (“action”).

Etymology

Specialization of 正 (OC *tjeŋ, *tjeŋs, “straight, upright; right, correct; proper”).

Pronunciation

  • Dialectal data
Variety Location 政
Mandarin Beijing /ʈ͡ʂəŋ⁵¹/
Harbin /ʈ͡ʂəŋ⁵³/
Tianjin /ʈ͡ʂəŋ⁵³/
/t͡səŋ⁵³/
Jinan /ʈ͡ʂəŋ²¹/
Qingdao /tʃəŋ⁴²/
Zhengzhou /ʈ͡ʂəŋ³¹²/
Xi'an /ʈ͡ʂəŋ⁴⁴/
Xining /ʈ͡ʂə̃²¹³/
Yinchuan /ʈ͡ʂəŋ¹³/
Lanzhou /ʈ͡ʂə̃n¹³/
Ürümqi /ʈ͡ʂɤŋ²¹³/
Wuhan /t͡sən³⁵/
Chengdu /t͡sən¹³/
Guiyang /t͡sen²¹³/
Kunming /ʈ͡ʂə̃¹/
Nanjing /ʈ͡ʂən⁴⁴/
Hefei /ʈ͡ʂən⁵³/
Jin Taiyuan /t͡səŋ⁴⁵/
Pingyao /ʈ͡ʂəŋ³⁵/
Hohhot /t͡sə̃ŋ⁵⁵/
Wu Shanghai /t͡səŋ³⁵/
Suzhou /t͡sən⁵¹³/
Hangzhou /t͡sen⁴⁴⁵/
Wenzhou /t͡seŋ⁴²/
Hui Shexian /t͡ɕiʌ̃³²⁴/
Tunxi /t͡ɕiɛ⁴²/
Xiang Changsha /ʈ͡ʂən⁵⁵/
Xiangtan /ʈ͡ʂən⁵⁵/
Gan Nanchang /t͡sɨn⁴⁵/
Hakka Meixian /t͡sən⁵³/
Taoyuan /tʃen⁵⁵/
Cantonese Guangzhou /t͡seŋ³³/
Nanning /t͡seŋ³³/
Hong Kong /t͡siŋ³³/
Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /t͡siŋ²¹/
Fuzhou (Min Dong) /t͡sɛiŋ²¹²/
Jian'ou (Min Bei) /t͡seiŋ³³/
Shantou (Min Nan) /t͡seŋ²¹³/
Haikou (Min Nan) /t͡seŋ³⁵/
Rime
Character 政
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 章 (23)
Final (韻) 清 (121)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 之盛切
Baxter tsyiengH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /t͡ɕiᴇŋH/
Pan
Wuyun		 /t͡ɕiɛŋH/
Shao
Rongfen		 /t͡ɕiæŋH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /ciajŋH/
Li
Rong		 /t͡ɕiɛŋH/
Wang
Li		 /t͡ɕĭɛŋH/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /t͡ɕi̯ɛŋH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 zhèng
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex		 zing3
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 政
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 zhèng
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ tsyengH ›
Old
Chinese		 /*teŋ-s/
English government

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 政
Reading # 1/1
No. 17177
Phonetic
component		 正
Rime
group		 耕
Rime
subdivision		 0
Corresponding
MC rime		 政
Old
Chinese		 /*tjeŋs/

Definitions

政

  1. government; political power
    政府  ―  zhèngfǔ  ―  government
  2. regulation; rule; decree
  3. politics; political affairs
    政治  ―  zhèngzhì  ―  politics
  4. administrative affairs of governmental departments, families or organisations
  5. † to govern; to rule
  6. † to correct; to comment on (a manuscript)

Compounds
Derived terms from 政

Descendants
Sino-Xenic (政):
  • → Japanese: 政(せい) (sei)
  • → Korean: 정(政) (jeong)
  • → Vietnamese: chính (政), chánh (政)

References

Japanese

Kanji
政

(grade 5 “Kyōiku” kanji)

Readings

Etymology 1
Kanji in this term
政
まつりごと
Grade: 5
kun’yomi

Possibly from Old Japanese.

Originally a compound of 祭り (matsuri, the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of verb 祭る (matsuru), “to enshrine, worship”) +‎ 事 (koto, “matter, thing”).[1][2] The koto changes to goto as an instance of rendaku (連濁).

Pronunciation
  • (Tokyo) まつりごと [màtsúrígótó] (Heiban – [0])[2]
  • IPA(key): [ma̠t͡sɨᵝɾʲiɡo̞to̞]

Noun

政(まつりごと) • (matsurigoto) 

  1. (politics) a government, rule
    Synonyms: 政治 (seiji), 政道 (seidō)
  2. (especially in Shinto) a festival, ritual
    Synonym: 祭祀 (saishi)
Derived terms
Derived terms
Proverbs
  • 政(まつりごと)を為(な)すは猶(なお)沐(もく)するが如(ごと)し (matsurigoto o nasu wa nao moku suru ga gotoshi)

Proper noun

政(まつりごと) • (Matsurigoto) 

  1. a surname

Etymology 2
Kanji in this term
政
せい
Grade: 5
kan’on

From Middle Chinese 政 (MC t͡ɕiᴇŋH).

The 漢音 (kan'on, literally “Han sound”) reading, so likely a later borrowing from Middle Chinese.

Noun

政(せい) • (sei) 

  1. a law, rule
  2. a doctrine, precept, way

Affix

政(せい) • (sei) 

  1. government, politics, rule
  2. administration (Can we verify(+) this sense?)
Derived terms
Derived terms

Proper noun

政(せい) • (Sei) 

  1. a male or female given name

Etymology 3
Kanji in this term
政
しょう
Grade: 5
goon

/ɕʲau/ → /ɕɔː/ → /ɕoː/

From Middle Chinese 政 (MC t͡ɕiᴇŋH).

The 呉音 (goon, literally “Wu sound”) reading, so likely the earlier borrowing from Middle Chinese.

Affix

政(しょう) • (shō) ←しやう (syau)?

  1. government, politics, rule
  2. administration (Can we verify(+) this sense?)
Derived terms

References
  1. 1995, 大辞泉 (Daijisen) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
  2. 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja

政 (eumhun 정사 정 (jeongsa jeong))

政 (eumhun 칠 정 (chil jeong))

  1. Hanja form? of 정 (“political affairs, to hit”).

Vietnamese

Han character

政: Hán Việt readings: chinh, chánh, chính
政: Nôm readings: chiếng, chính

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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