暫

See also: 暂

暫	U+66AB, 暫 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-66AB

← 暪
[U+66AA]

CJK Unified Ideographs

暬 →
[U+66AC]

Translingual

Han character

暫 (Kangxi radical 72, 日+11, 15 strokes, cangjie input 十中日 (JLA), four-corner 5260₂, composition ⿱斬日)

temporary

References

KangXi: page 499, character 15

Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 14120

Dae Jaweon: page 868, character 20

Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1533, character 3

Unihan data for U+66AB

Chinese

trad.		暫
simp.		暂
alternative forms		蹔／暂

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (斬) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
慚	*zaːm
慙	*zaːm
鏨	zaːm, zaːmʔ, zaːms, zeːm, *zamʔ
槧	zaːmʔ, sʰam, sʰams, zamʔ
暫	*zaːms
蹔	*zaːms
斬	*ʔsreːmʔ
獑	zeːm, zaːm
嶃	zreːmʔ, zaːm
覱	*ʔsraːms
摲	*sʰraːms
漸	ʔsam, zamʔ
塹	*sʰams
壍	*sʰams
嬱	*sʰams
螹	zam, zamʔ
蔪	*zamʔ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *zaːms) : phonetic 斬 (OC *ʔsreːmʔ) + semantic 日.

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): zàn, zhàn

(Zhuyin): ㄗㄢˋ, ㄓㄢˋ

(Chengdu, SP): zan⁴
Cantonese (Jyutping): zaam⁶
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): chhiam

(Meixian, Guangdong): qiam⁴
Min Dong (BUC): câng
Min Nan
(Hokkien, POJ): chām / chiām

(Teochew, Peng'im): ziam⁶
Wu (Wiktionary): ³ze

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, Mainland)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: zàn
  - Zhuyin: ㄗㄢˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: zàn
  - Wade–Giles: tsan⁴
  - Yale: dzàn
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tzann
  - Palladius: цзань (czanʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sän⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese, Taiwan)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: zhàn
  - Zhuyin: ㄓㄢˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: jhàn
  - Wade–Giles: chan⁴
  - Yale: jàn
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jann
  - Palladius: чжань (čžanʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂän⁵¹/
- (Chengdu)
  - Sichuanese Pinyin: zan⁴
  - Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: zan
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡san²¹³/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: zaam⁶
  - Yale: jaahm
  - Cantonese Pinyin: dzaam⁶
  - Guangdong Romanization: zam⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡saːm²²/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhiam
  - Hakka Romanization System: qiam
  - Hagfa Pinyim: qiam⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /t͡ɕʰi̯am⁵⁵/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: qiam⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /t͡ɕʰiam⁵³/
Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: câng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sɑŋ²⁴²/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chām
  - Tâi-lô: tsām
  - Phofsit Daibuun: zam
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sam⁴¹/
  - IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /t͡sam³³/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /t͡sam²²/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chiām
  - Tâi-lô: tsiām
  - Phofsit Daibuun: ciam
  - IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /t͡ɕiam³³/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /t͡ɕiam²²/
  - IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang): /t͡ɕiam⁴¹/

Note:

chām - literary;
chiām - vernacular.

- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: ziam⁶
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tsiăm
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡siam³⁵/
Wu
- (Shanghainese)
  - Wiktionary: ³ze
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /z̥e̞²³/

Middle Chinese: /d͡zɑm^H/

Rime
Character	暫
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	從 (15)
Final (韻)	談 (143)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	藏濫切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/d͡zɑm^H/
Pan Wuyun	/d͡zɑm^H/
Shao Rongfen	/d͡zɑm^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/d͡zam^H/
Li Rong	/d͡zɑm^H/
Wang Li	/d͡zɑm^H/
Bernard Karlgren	/d͡zʱɑm^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	zàn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	zaam⁶

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[dz]ˤam-s/

(Zhengzhang): /*zaːms/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	暫
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	zàn
Middle Chinese	‹ dzam^H ›
Old Chinese	/*[dz]ˁam-s/
English	suddenly
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	暫
Reading #	1/1
No.	16793
Phonetic component	斬
Rime group	談
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	暫
Old Chinese	/*zaːms/

Definitions

暫

(formal, or in compounds) shortly; soon
(formal, or in compounds) temporarily; tentatively; for the time being
(literary) just; just now
(literary) suddenly

Synonyms

(soon):

Dialectal synonyms of 不久 (“soon; before long”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Classical Chinese		頃之, 頃刻, 少頃, 俄而, 既而, 已而
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		暫
Mandarin	Beijing	不久, 沒多久
	Taiwan	不久, 沒多久
	Singapore	不久, 沒多久
Cantonese	Guangzhou	冇幾耐, 冇耐
	Hong Kong	冇幾耐, 冇耐
	Singapore (Guangfu)	冇幾耐
Hakka	Meixian	無幾久
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	無幾久
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	無幾久
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	無幾久
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	無幾久
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	無幾久
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	無幾久
Min Nan	Xiamen	無偌久
	Quanzhou	無偌久
	Zhangzhou	無偌久
	Taipei	無偌久
	Kaohsiung	無偌久
	Singapore (Hokkien)	無偌久
	Manila (Hokkien)	無偌久
	Shantou	唔久, 無若久
Wu	Wenzhou	不一下兒過

(tentatively):

edit

姑且 (gūqiě)
聊 (liáo) (literary, or in compounds)
苟且 (gǒuqiě)

暫且／暂且 (zànqiě)
暫時／暂时 (zànshí)
權且／权且 (quánqiě) (literary)

權時／权时 (quánshí) (literary)
臨時／临时 (línshí)

(just):

edit

今仔 (Min Nan)
方才 (fāngcái)

站仔 (Min Nan)
剛剛／刚刚 (gānggāng)

剛才／刚才 (gāngcái)
適才／适才 (shìcái)

(suddenly):

edit

Synonyms of 暫

一下 (yīxià)
一下子 (yīxiàzi)
乍然 (zhàrán) (literary)
倏忽 (shūhū) (literary)
忽地 (hūdì)
忽然 (hūrán)
猛 (měng)
猛然 (měngrán)

猝然 (cùrán)
突然 (tūrán)
豁然 (huòrán) (literary)
遽然 (jùrán) (literary)
陡 (dǒu) (literary, or in compounds)
陡然 (dǒurán)
霍然 (huòrán)
一舉／一举 (yījǔ)

一頭／一头 (yītóu)
突然間／突然间 (tūránjiān)
頓／顿 (dùn) (literary)
頓然／顿然 (dùnrán)
驀地／蓦地 (mòdì)
驀然／蓦然 (mòrán) (formal)
驟然／骤然 (zhòurán) (literary)
𢫦𢫦風／𢫦𢫦风 (Hakka)

Compounds

時來暫去／时来暂去
暫且／暂且 (zànqiě)
暫且擱下／暂且搁下
暫停／暂停 (zàntíng)
暫別／暂别 (zànbié)

暫勞永逸／暂劳永逸
暫息／暂息 (zànxī)
暫星／暂星
暫時／暂时 (zànshí)
暫止／暂止

暫緩／暂缓 (zànhuǎn)
暫避／暂避 (zànbì)
暫音／暂音
浮來暫去／浮来暂去
短暫／短暂 (duǎnzàn)

Japanese

Kanji

暫

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

for some time

Readings

Go-on: ざん (zan, Jōyō)
Kan-on: さん (san)
Kun: しばらく (shibaraku, 暫く)

Korean

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 暫 (MC d͡zɑm^H).

Historical Readings
Dongguk Jeongun Reading
Dongguk Jeongun, 1448	짬〮 (Yale: ccám)
Middle Korean
Text	Eumhun
Text	*Gloss (hun)*	Reading
Sinjeung Yuhap, 1576	잠ᄭᅡᆫ (Yale: cam-s-kan)	잠 (Yale: cam)

Pronunciation

(temporary; etc.):
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [t͡ɕa̠m]
- Phonetic hangul: [잠]
(in 잠시 (暫時, jamsi, “a moment”)):
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [t͡ɕa̠(ː)m]
- Phonetic hangul: [잠(ː)]
  - Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

Hanja

Wikisource 暫 (eumhun 잠깐 잠 (jamkkan jam))

Hanja form^? of 잠 (“temporary”).

Compounds

잠정 (暫定, jamjeong)
잠시 (暫時, jamsi)
잠간 (暫間, jamgan)
잠류 (暫留, jamnyu)
잠별 (暫別, jambyeol)
잠차 (暫借, jamcha)
잠허 (暫許, jamheo)
잠혁 (暫革, jamhyeok)
잠벌 (暫罰, jambeol)

References

국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

Vietnamese

Han character

暫: Hán Nôm readings: tạm

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Compounds

tạm biệt [暫別]

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