U+871C, 蜜
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-871C

[U+871B]
CJK Unified Ideographs
[U+871D]

Translingual

Han character

(Kangxi radical 142, +8, 14 strokes, cangjie input 十心竹戈 (JPHI), four-corner 30136, composition)

References

  • KangXi: page 1085, character 36
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 33143
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1553, character 6
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2866, character 7
  • Unihan data for U+871C

Chinese

simp. and trad.
alternative forms 𧖅

Glyph origin

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *mliɡ) : phonetic (OC *mriɡ, *mliɡ) + semantic (insect).

Etymology

Possibly from Proto-Tocharian *ḿətə, from Proto-Indo-European *médʰu (mead). Cognate with Tocharian B mit (honey), English mead, German Met (mead), Northern Sami mjöd (mead), Sanskrit मधु (madhu, honey), Greek μέθη (méthi, drunkenness), Polish miód (honey), Russian мёд (mjod, honey), Old Church Slavonic медъ (medŭ, honey).

Sense “mistress, young girl” is additionally a phono-semantic matching of English miss.

Pronunciation


Note:
  • bhig8 - vernacular;
  • mig8 - literary.

Rime
Character
Reading # 1/1
Initial () (4)
Final () (48)
Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division () III
Fanqie
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/miɪt̚/
Pan
Wuyun
/mit̚/
Shao
Rongfen
/mjet̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/mit̚/
Li
Rong
/miĕt̚/
Wang
Li
/mĭĕt̚/
Bernard
Karlgren
/mi̯ĕt̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
mat6
BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
Middle
Chinese
‹ mjit ›
Old
Chinese
/*mit/
English honey

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 1/1
No. 594
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
2
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*mliɡ/

Definitions

  1. honey
       fēng   honey
       fēng   honeybee
  2. the colour of honey; honey-coloured
          colour of honey
  3. beeswax
       zhú   candle
  4. (dialectal Cantonese) bee; honeybee
  5. sweet
       tián   sweet, happy
       shuǐtáo   honey peach
    甜言甜言   tiányán   sweet words and honeyed phrases; cajolery
  6. mistress, young girl
       xiǎo   mistress
       guī   female friend (of female)

Synonyms

Descendants

Sino-Xenic ():
  • Japanese: (みつ) (mitsu)
  • Okinawan: (みち) (michi)
  • Korean: 밀(蜜) (mil)
  • Vietnamese: mật ()

Compounds

Japanese

Kanji

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

Readings

  • Go-on: みつ (mitsu, Jōyō); みち (michi)
  • Kan-on: びつ (bitsu)

Compounds

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
みつ
Grade: S
goon

/mitɨ//mitʉ//mit͡su/

From Middle Chinese (MC miɪt̚).

Pronunciation

Noun

(みつ) (mitsu) 

  1. honey
  2. nectar
  3. molasses, treacle, syrup
    Synonym: 糖蜜 (tōmitsu)
  4. Short for 蜜砂糖 (mitsuzatō): brown sugar
Derived terms

Affix

(みつ) (mitsu) 

  1. honey, nectar
  2. sweet
  3. Used in Sanskrit transliterations
Derived terms

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
みち
Grade: S
goon

/mitɨ//mit͡ɕi/

Alternative reading of mitsu above.

Pronunciation

Noun

(みち) (michi) 

  1. (rare) Same as みつ (mitsu) above
Usage notes

Only used on its own. Not used in compounds.

References

  1. 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

Etymology

From Middle Chinese (MC miɪt̚). See the Hangul entry at (mil, beeswax) for the etymology concerning the “beeswax” sense.

Historical Readings
Dongguk Jeongun Reading
Dongguk Jeongun, 1448미ᇙ〮 (Yale: mílq)
Middle Korean
TextEumhun
Gloss (hun)Reading
Hunmong Jahoe, 1527ᄭᅮᆯ〮 (Yale: skwúl)밀〮 (Yale: míl)

Pronunciation

  • (honey):
  • (beeswax):
    • (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [mi(ː)ɭ]
    • Phonetic hangul: [(ː)]
      • Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

Hanja

Wikisource , eumhun (kkul mil)

  1. Hanja form? of (beeswax). [noun]
  2. Hanja form? of (honey). [affix]

Compounds

References

  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전/電子字典.

Okinawan

Kanji

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

Readings

Etymology

From Middle Chinese (MC miɪt̚).

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /mit͡ɕi/

Noun

(hiragana みち, romaji michi)

  1. honey

Vietnamese

Hán tự in this term

Han character

: Hán Nôm readings: mật

Noun

  1. chữ Hán form of mật (honey).
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